Chromatin protein profiling during the mammalian cell cycle reveals the extent of mitotic preservation of the regulatory landscape
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE106482 | GEO | 2018/09/05
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:While regulation of transcription, replication and cell division relies on dynamic protein binding to DNA and chromatin, it is unclear which regulatory components remain bound to compacted mitotic chromosomes. To comprehensively quantify the chromatin-associated proteome in different phases of the cell cycle, we utilized the buoyant density of DNA-protein complexes after crosslinking. This revealed variable associations for thousands of proteins to DNA including their frequent and variable phosphorylation. While epigenetic modifiers that promote transcription are lost from mitotic chromatin, repressive modifiers generally remain associated. Interestingly, while proteins involved in transcriptional elongation are evicted, most identified transcription factors are retained on mitotic chromatin to varying degrees, including core promoter binding proteins. This predicts conservation of the regulatory landscape on mitotic chromosomes, which genome-wide measurements of chromatin accessibility confirm. This work establishes a novel approach to study chromatin, provides a comprehensive catalogue of chromatin changes during the cell cycle, and reveals the degree with which the genomic regulatory landscape is maintained through mitosis.
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Project description:Regulation of transcription, replication, and cell division relies on differential protein binding to DNA and chromatin, yet it is unclear which regulatory components remain bound to compacted mitotic chromosomes. By utilizing the buoyant density of DNA-protein complexes after cross-linking, we here develop a mass spectrometry-based approach to quantify the chromatin-associated proteome at separate stages of the cell cycle. While epigenetic modifiers that promote transcription are lost from mitotic chromatin, repressive modifiers generally remain associated. Furthermore, while proteins involved in transcriptional elongation are evicted, most identified transcription factors are retained on mitotic chromatin to varying degrees, including core promoter binding proteins. This predicts conservation of the regulatory landscape on mitotic chromosomes, which we confirm by genome-wide measurements of chromatin accessibility. In summary, this work establishes an approach to study chromatin, provides a comprehensive catalog of chromatin changes during the cell cycle, and reveals the degree to which the genomic regulatory landscape is maintained through mitosis.
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Project description:Chromatin protein profiling during the mammalian cell cycle reveals the extent of mitotic preservation of the regulatory landscape
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Project description:Gene regulation during cell-cycle progression is an intricately choreographed process, ensuring accurate DNA replication and division. However, the translational landscape of gene expression underlying cell-cycle progression remains largely unknown. Employing genome-wide ribosome profiling, we uncover widespread translational regulation of hundreds of mRNAs serving as an unexpected mechanism for gene regulation underlying cell-cycle progression. A striking example is the S phase translational regulation of RICTOR, which is associated with cell cycle-dependent activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) signaling and accurate cell-cycle progression. We further identified unappreciated coordination in translational control of mRNAs within molecular complexes dedicated to cell-cycle progression, lipid metabolism, and genome integrity. This includes the majority of mRNAs comprising the cohesin and condensin complexes responsible for maintaining genome organization, which are coordinately translated during specific cell cycle phases via their 5' UTRs. Our findings illuminate the prevalence and dynamic nature of translational regulation underlying the mammalian cell cycle.
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