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Epigenetic regulation by BAF (mSWI/SNF) complexes limits neural stem cell proliferation by suppressing Wnt signaling in late cortical neurogenesis

ABSTRACT: We have analyzed changes in gene expression, histone 3 lysine 4 dimethyl (H3K4me2) and histone 3 lysine 37 trimethyl (H3K27me3) levels in the embryonic cortex at E17.5 resulting from conditional deletion of BAF complex - i.e., double knockout of BAF155 and BAF170, in late cortical progenitors utilizing Cre expression under human GFAP (hGFAP) promoter (dcKO_hGFAP-Cre). Moreover, we also analyzed gene expression in WT E17.5 cortex treated with vehicle and Wnt inhibitor together with that of in dcKO_hGFAP-Cre cortex treated with Wnt inhibitor. Gene expression studies were conducted by RNA-Seq and histone marks were analyzed by ChIP-Seq.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE106711 | GEO | 2018/04/22

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Chromatin regulation by BAF170 controls cerebral cortical size and thickness.

Project description:Increased cortical size is essential to the enhanced intellectual capacity of primates during mammalian evolution. The mechanisms that control cortical size are largely unknown. Here, we show that mammalian BAF170, a subunit of the chromatin remodeling complex mSWI/SNF, is an intrinsic factor that controls cortical size. We find that the conditional deletion of BAF170 promotes indirect neurogenesis by increasing the pool of intermediate progenitors (IPs) and results in an enlarged cortex, whereas cortex-specific BAF170 over-expression results an opposing phenotype. Mechanistically, BAF170 competes with BAF155 subunit in the BAF complex, affecting the euchromatin structure and thereby modulating the binding efficiency of Pax6/REST-corepressor complex to Pax6 target genes that regulate the generation of IPs and late cortical progenitors. Our findings reveal a molecular mechanism mediated by the mSWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex that controls cortical architecture. Cortical gene expression is compared between three E12.5 mouse embryos with cortex-specific loss of BAF170 function and three littermate control embryos.

2013-05-02 | E-GEOD-45629 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Chromatin regulation by BAF170 controls cerebral cortical size and thickness.

2013-05-02 | GSE45629 | GEO

BAF Complex Enhances Reprogramming of Adult Human Fibroblasts

Project description:Chromatin remodeling molecules of the BAF complex, Brg1 and Baf155, as well as other chromatin remodeling modeling molecules have been described to enhance Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc mediated reprogramming of mouse somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Brg1 maintains pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) by modulating the expression of pluripotency genes including Oct4 in synergism with LIF/STAT signaling. Interestingly, unlike mESCs, BAF complex in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is composed of both BAF155 and BAF170, where BAF170 plays a role in maintaining hESCs pluripotency. In this study, we describe that BRG1 and BAF155 enhance reprogramming of adult human fibroblasts. Overexpression of BAF155 does not affect pluripotency of hiPSCs as tested by global gene expression profiling as well as in vivo and in vitro assays. Additionally, these findings show that BRG1 and BAF155 expression can enhance reprogramming even in the absence of LIF/STAT signaling.

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Loss of BAF (mSWI/SNF) complexes causes global transcriptional and chromatin state changes in forebrain development

Project description:We report the genome-wide increase in H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) in murine embryonic cortices as a result of conditional double knock-out (dcKO) of BAF155/BAF170 complex.

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BMP7 expression in mammalian cortical radial glial cells increases the length of the neurogenic period

Project description:Purpose:To asses changes in gene expression profiles of single cell from the E39 Ferret Cortex. Mouse E18 littermate controls cortex, and Smo CKO (SmoF/F hGFAP-Cre) mice. Methords: E39 ferret cortex, E18 wild type and Smo CKO cortices were carefully dissected under a fluorescent stereoscope, and incubated in 4 ml of papain solution for 20 min at 37℃, The cortical tissues were gently triturated, filtered through a 40 mm strainer, and washed with HBSS to obtain the single cell suspension. The Chromium droplet-based sequencing platform (10X Genomics) was used to generate scRNA-seq libraries, following the manufacturer’s instructions. The cDNA libraries were purified, quantified using Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer, and sequenced on the Illumina Hiseq4000 Results: E18 SmoF/F (control) cortex, 10524 cells, 1954 genes/cell; hGFAP-Cre; SmoF/F cortex, 7596 cells, 2104 genes/cell; E39 ferret cortex, 23482 cells, 1759 genes/cell.

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A mouse model for embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes uncovers the therapeutic potential of Sonic-hedgehog inhibitors

Project description:Embryonal Tumors with Multilayered Rosettes (ETMRs) have recently been described as a new entity of rare pediatric brain tumors with fatal outcome. We show here that ETMRs are characterized by a parallel activation of Shh- and Wnt-signaling. Co-activation of these pathways in murine neural precursors is sufficient to induce ETMR-like tumors in vivo that resemble their human counterparts based on histology and global gene expression analyses, and point to apical radial glia cells as the possible tumor cell-of-origin. Overexpression of LIN28A, which is a hallmark of human ETMRs, augments Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)- and Wnt-signaling in these precursor cells through downregulation of let7-miRNA, and LIN28A/let7a interaction with the Shh-pathway was detected at the level of Gli mRNA. Finally, human ETMR cells that were transplanted into immunocompromised host mice were responsive to the Shh-inhibitor Arsenic trioxide (ATO). Our findings provide a novel mouse model to study this tumor type, demonstrate the driving role of Wnt- and Shh-activation in the growth of ETMRs and propose downstream inhibition of Shh-signaling as a therapeutic option for patients with ETMRs. Gene expression data of hGFAP-cre::Ctnnb1(ex3)Fl/+SmoM2Fl/+ , hGFAP-cre::SmoM2Fl/+ , hGFAP-cre::Ctnnb1(ex3)Fl/+ and Control mice

2017-09-11 | GSE103348 | GEO

Regulating lineage progression of cortical neural stem cells by extrinsic signaling molecule SHH [bulk RNA-seq]

Project description:Purpose:To asses changes in gene expression profiles from the P0 wild type littermate controls cortex, hGFAP-Cre, SmoM2f/+ mice cortex and ShhN IUE (ShhN palsmid were electroporated to wild type mice cortex at E13.5 and the cortex were dissected at P0) mice. Methords:Total RNA was isolated and sequenced using an illumina high-seq 2500. Raw data was analyzed using TopHat. Genes were considered significantly changed whicn perform fold-change>=2 and P value <= 0.05 Results: Compared to controls, 2466 genes were significantly down-regulated, and 5289 genes were up regulated in the RNA expression level of the SmoM2 mice; 3492 genes were significantly down-regulated, and 3577 genes were up regulated in the RNA expression level of the cortex of ShhN IUE mice.

2020-02-19 | GSE138878 | GEO

Effects of Conditional Egfr deletion on transcriptome of the mouse cerebral cortex

Project description:To investigate the role of Egfr in the cerebreal cortex and hippocampal formation we conditionally deleted it using a floxed allele in combination with the Nestin-cre transgene. Cortices at E17.5 embryonic stage were harvested and split into rostral and caudal halves and RNA extracted and sequenced

2022-06-09 | GSE205624 | GEO

Apical complex protein Pals1 is required to maintain cerebellar progenitor cells in a proliferative state

Project description:Through their biased localization and function within the cell, polarity complex proteins are necessary to establish the cellular asymmetry required for tissue organization. Well-characterized germinal zones, mitogenic signals, and cell types make the cerebellum an excellent model for addressing the critical function of polarity complex proteins in the generation and organization of neural tissues. Deleting apical polarity complex protein Pals1 in the developing cerebellum results in a remarkably undersized cerebellum with disrupted layers in poorly formed folia and strikingly reduced granule cell production. We demonstrate that Pals1 is not only essential for cerebellum organogenesis, but also for preventing premature differentiation and thus maintaining progenitor pools in cerebellar germinal zones, including cerebellar granule neuron precursors (CGNP) in the external granule layer (EGL). In the Pals1 mutants, expression of genes that regulate cell cycle were diminished, correlating with the loss of proliferating population of germinal zones. Furthermore, enhanced Shh signaling through activated Smoothened (Smo) cannot overcome impaired cerebellar cell generation, arguing for an epistatic role of Pals1 in proliferation capacity. Our study identifies Pals1 as a new intrinsic factor that regulates the generation of cerebellar cells and Pals1 deficiency as a potential inhibitor of overactive mitogenic signaling. Two groups of samples are included: mRNA obtained from 4 WT and 4 CKO animals at E17.5. hGFAP-Cre mice was used to delete Pals1 from most cerebellar neurons and glia (termed Pals1 CKO). Pals1fl/fl and hGFAP-Cre (Zhuo et al., 2001) were bred for generation of CKO.

2016-06-30 | E-GEOD-75696 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcription Factors Sp8 and Sp9 Coordinately Regulate Olfactory Bulb Interneuron Development [RNA-seq 2]

Project description:Purpose: To asses changes in gene expression profiles from the P30 wild type littermate control olfactory bulbs and conditional double knockout olfactory bulbs of hGFAP-Cre; Sp8 Flox/Flox; Sp9 Flox/Flox mice. Methods: Total RNA was isolated and sequenced from the olfactory bulbs of the P30 wild type littermate controls or hGFAP-Cre; Sp8 Flox/Flox; Sp9 Flox/Flox mice in tetrad using an illumina high-seq 2500. Raw data was analyzed using TopHat. Genes were considered changed which performed fold-change>=2 and FDR<=0.05. Changed genes were then filtered to reveal the downstream targets of Sp8 and Sp9. Results: 31 genes were significantly increased and 74 genes were significantly decreased in expression level due to the loss of Sp9 and Sp8 expression.

2017-01-04 | GSE93061 | GEO

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