The extent of liver injury determines hepatocyte fate toward senescence or cancer
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE108328 | GEO | 2018/12/20
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Liver injury results in rapid regeneration through hepatocyte proliferation and hypertrophy. However, after acute severe injury, such as acetaminophen poisoning, effective regeneration may fail. We investigated how senescence underlies this regenerative failure. In human acute liver disease, and murine models, p21-dependent hepatocellular senescence was proportionate to disease severity and was associated with impaired regeneration. In an acetaminophen injury model a transcriptional signature associated with the induction of paracrine senescence is observed within twenty four hours, and is followed by one of impaired proliferation. In genetic models of hepatocyte injury and senescence we observed transmission of senescence to local uninjured hepatocytes. Spread of senescence depended upon macrophage derived TGFβ1 ligand. In acetaminophen poisoning inhibition of TGFβ receptor 1 (TGFβR1) improved survival. TGFβR1 inhibition reduced senescence and enhanced liver regeneration even when delivered after the current therapeutic window. This mechanism, in which injury induced senescence impairs regeneration, is an attractive therapeutic target for acute liver failure.
2019-03-20 | GSE111828 | GEO
Project description:Cellular senescence is associated with aging but also impacts various physiological and pathological processes such as embryonic development and wound healing. Factors secreted by senescent cells can affect their microenvironment, including local spreading of senescence. Acute severe liver disease is associated with hepatocyte senescence and frequently progresses to multi-organ failure. Why the latter occurs is poorly understood however, the presence of hepatic senescence is associated with poor prognosis and extrahepatic organ failure in acute liver disease. Here, using genetic mouse models of hepatocyte-specific senescence, we demonstrate senescence development in extrahepatic organs and associated organ dysfunction in response to liver senescence. In patients with acute indeterminate hepatitis, the extent of hepatocellular senescence predicts the occurrence of extrahepatic dysfunction, need for liver transplantation and mortality. We identify the Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFbeta) pathway as a critical mediator of systemic spread of senescence and TGFbeta inhibition blocks senescence transmission to other organs preventing renal dysfunction. Our results highlight the systemic consequences of organ-specific senescence which, independent of aging, contributes to multi-organ dysfunction.
2024-08-23 | GSE267196 | GEO
Project description:Cellular senescence is associated with aging but also impacts various physiological and pathological processes such as embryonic development and wound healing. Factors secreted by senescent cells can affect their microenvironment, including local spreading of senescence. Acute severe liver disease is associated with hepatocyte senescence and frequently progresses to multi-organ failure. Why the latter occurs is poorly understood however, the presence of hepatic senescence is associated with poor prognosis and extrahepatic organ failure in acute liver disease. Here, using genetic mouse models of hepatocyte-specific senescence, we demonstrate senescence development in extrahepatic organs and associated organ dysfunction in response to liver senescence. In patients with acute indeterminate hepatitis, the extent of hepatocellular senescence predicts the occurrence of extrahepatic dysfunction, need for liver transplantation and mortality. We identify the Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) pathway as a critical mediator of systemic spread of senescence and TGFβ inhibition blocks senescence transmission to other organs preventing renal dysfunction. Our results highlight the systemic consequences of organ-specific senescence which, independent of aging, contributes to multi-organ dysfunction.
2024-08-23 | GSE262705 | GEO
Project description:We previously showed that severe liver diseases are characterized by expansion of liver progenitor cells (LPC), which correlates with disease severity. However, the origin and role of LPC in liver physiology and in the hepatic response to injury remains a contentious topic. We have now used genetic lineage tracing of Hnf1β-expressing biliary duct cells to assess their contribution to LPC expansion and hepatocyte generation during normal liver homeostasis, and following different types of liver injury. We found that ductular reaction cells in human cirrhotic livers express HNF1β. However, HNF1β expression was not present in newly generated EpCAM-positive hepatocytes. Using a tamoxifen-inducible Hnf1βCreER/R26RYFP/LacZ mouse, we show that there is no contribution of the biliary epithelium to hepatocyte turnover during liver homeostasis in healthy mice. Moreover, after loss of liver mass, Hnf1β+ LPC did not contribute to hepatocyte regeneration. We also assessed the contribution of Hnf1β+ cells following acute and repeated liver injury. All animal models showed expansion of LPC, as assessed by immunostaining and gene expression profile of sorted YFP-positive cells. A contribution of Hnf1β+ LPC to hepatocyte generation was not detected in animal models of liver injury with preserved hepatocyte regenerative potential such as acute acetaminophen, carbon tetrachloride injury, or chronic diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-collidin (DDC)-diet. However, in mice fed with choline-deficient ethionine-supplemented (CDE)-diet, which causes profound hepatocyte damage and arrest, a small number of hepatocytes were derived from Hnf1β+ cells. Conclusion: Hnf1β+ cells do not participate in hepatocyte turnover in the healthy liver or during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. After liver injury, LPC arise from the biliary duct epithelium, which gives rise to a limited number of hepatocytes only when hepatocyte regeneration is compromised. Transcriptomic profile using MoGeneST-2.0 chip from 3 samples of YFP+ CDE, 3 samples of YFP+ DDC, 2 samples of YFP+ UTR and 3 samples YFP-
2016-07-03 | E-GEOD-51389 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Chronic liver injury triggers complications such as liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which are associated with alterations in distinct signaling pathways. Of particular interest is the interaction between mechanisms controlled by IKKγ/NEMO, the regulatory IKK subunit, and Jnk activation for directing cell death and survival. In the present study, we aimed to define the relevance of Jnk in hepatocyte-specific NEMO knockout mice (NEMOΔhepa), a genetic model of chronic inflammatory liver injury. We generated global Jnk1-/-/NEMOΔhepa and Jnk2-/-/NEMOΔhepa mice by crossing NEMOΔhepa mice with Jnk1-/- and Jnk2-/- animals, respectively, and examined the progression of chronic liver disease. Moreover, we investigated the expression of Jnk during acute liver injury, evaluated the role of Jnk1 in bone marrow-derived cells, and analyzed the expression of NEMO and pJnk in human diseased-livers. Deletion of Jnk1 significantly aggravated the progression of liver disease, exacerbating apoptosis, compensatory proliferation and carcinogenesis in NEMOΔhepa mice. Jnk2-/-/NEMOΔhepa showed increased RIP-1 and RIP-3 expression and hepatic inflammation. Jnk1 in hematopoietic cells rather than hepatocytes had an impact on the progression of chronic liver disease in NEMOΔhepa livers. These findings are of clinical relevance since NEMO expression was down-regulated in hepatocytes of patients with HCC whereas NEMO and pJnk were expressed in a large amount of infiltrating cells. While Jnk1 is protective in NEMOΔhepa-depleted hepatocytes, Jnk1 in hematopoietic cells rather than hepatocytes is a crucial driver of hepatic injury. These results elucidate the complex function of Jnk in chronic inflammatory liver disease. Livers from global knockout mice for Jnk1 (Jnk1-/-) and Jnk2 (Jnk2-/- ), and double-knockout mice for Jnk1/NEMO (global Jnk1-/-/NEMOΔhepa) and Jnk2/NEMO (global Jnk2-/-/NEMOΔhepa), were subjected to gene expression profiling.
2015-06-22 | E-GEOD-59601 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Fifty percent of all acute liver failure (ALF) cases in the United States are due to acetaminophen (APAP) overdose. Assessment of canonical features of liver injury, such as plasma alanine aminotransferase activities are poor predictors of acute liver failure (ALF), suggesting the involvement of additional mechanisms independent of hepatocyte death. Previous work demonstrated a severe overdose of APAP results in impaired regeneration, the induction of senescence by p21, and increased mortality. We hypothesized that a discrete population of p21+ hepatocytes acquired a secretory phenotype that directly impedes liver recovery after a severe APAP overdose. Leveraging in-house human APAP explant liver and publicly available singlenuclei RNAseq data, we identified a subpopulation of p21+ hepatocytes enriched in a unique secretome of factors, such as Cxcl14. Spatial transcriptomics in the mouse model of APAP overdose confirmed the presence of a p21+ hepatocyte population that directly surrounded the necrotic areas. In both male and female mice, we found a dose-dependent induction of p21 and persistent circulating levels of the p21-specific constituent, Cxcl14, in the plasma after a severe APAP overdose. In parallel experiments, we targeted either the putative senescent hepatocytes with the senolytic drugs, dasatinib and quercetin, or Cxcl14 with a neutralizing antibody. We found that targeting Cxcl14 greatly enhanced liver recovery after APAP-induced liver injury, while targeting the senescent hepatocyte had no effect. This data supports that the sustained induction of p21 in hepatocytes with persistent Cxcl14 secretion are critical mechanistic events leading to ALF in mice and human patients.
2024-04-15 | GSE255834 | GEO
Project description:Fifty percent of all acute liver failure (ALF) cases in the United States are due to acetaminophen (APAP) overdose. Assessment of canonical features of liver injury, such as plasma alanine aminotransferase activities are poor predictors of acute liver failure (ALF), suggesting the involvement of additional mechanisms independent of hepatocyte death. Previous work demonstrated a severe overdose of APAP results in impaired regeneration, the induction of senescence by p21, and increased mortality. We hypothesized that a discrete population of p21+ hepatocytes acquired a secretory phenotype that directly impedes liver recovery after a severe APAP overdose. Leveraging in-house human APAP explant liver and publicly available singlenuclei RNAseq data, we identified a subpopulation of p21+ hepatocytes enriched in a unique secretome of factors, such as Cxcl14. Spatial transcriptomics in the mouse model of APAP overdose confirmed the presence of a p21+ hepatocyte population that directly surrounded the necrotic areas. In both male and female mice, we found a dose-dependent induction of p21 and persistent circulating levels of the p21-specific constituent, Cxcl14, in the plasma after a severe APAP overdose. In parallel experiments, we targeted either the putative senescent hepatocytes with the senolytic drugs, dasatinib and quercetin, or Cxcl14 with a neutralizing antibody. We found that targeting Cxcl14 greatly enhanced liver recovery after APAP-induced liver injury, while targeting the senescent hepatocyte had no effect. This data supports that the sustained induction of p21 in hepatocytes with persistent Cxcl14 secretion are critical mechanistic events leading to ALF in mice and human patients.
2024-04-15 | GSE255777 | GEO
Project description:We previously showed that severe liver diseases are characterized by expansion of liver progenitor cells (LPC), which correlates with disease severity. However, the origin and role of LPC in liver physiology and in the hepatic response to injury remains a contentious topic. We have now used genetic lineage tracing of Hnf1β-expressing biliary duct cells to assess their contribution to LPC expansion and hepatocyte generation during normal liver homeostasis, and following different types of liver injury. We found that ductular reaction cells in human cirrhotic livers express HNF1β. However, HNF1β expression was not present in newly generated EpCAM-positive hepatocytes. Using a tamoxifen-inducible Hnf1βCreER/R26RYFP/LacZ mouse, we show that there is no contribution of the biliary epithelium to hepatocyte turnover during liver homeostasis in healthy mice. Moreover, after loss of liver mass, Hnf1β+ LPC did not contribute to hepatocyte regeneration. We also assessed the contribution of Hnf1β+ cells following acute and repeated liver injury. All animal models showed expansion of LPC, as assessed by immunostaining and gene expression profile of sorted YFP-positive cells. A contribution of Hnf1β+ LPC to hepatocyte generation was not detected in animal models of liver injury with preserved hepatocyte regenerative potential such as acute acetaminophen, carbon tetrachloride injury, or chronic diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-collidin (DDC)-diet. However, in mice fed with choline-deficient ethionine-supplemented (CDE)-diet, which causes profound hepatocyte damage and arrest, a small number of hepatocytes were derived from Hnf1β+ cells. Conclusion: Hnf1β+ cells do not participate in hepatocyte turnover in the healthy liver or during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. After liver injury, LPC arise from the biliary duct epithelium, which gives rise to a limited number of hepatocytes only when hepatocyte regeneration is compromised.
2016-01-01 | GSE51389 | GEO
Project description:Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) as a positive inducer of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Transgenic mice with hepatocyte-specific expression of AEG-1 were challenged with N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) and developed multinodular HCC with steatotic features. Thus, we have identified the follwoing AEG-1 functions: induction of steatosis, inhibition of senescence and activation of coagulation pathway to augment an aggressive hepatocarcinogenic phenotype. Transgenic Mice liver tumors compared against WT mice liver tumors.
2012-07-24 | E-GEOD-34669 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a severe form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, is characterized by hepatic steatosis and hepatocellular injury and progresses to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are master regulators of lipogenesis. Liver-specific PTEN knockout (KO) mice show constitutive upregulation of SREBP through PI3K-Akt pathway activation, leading to spontaneous fatty liver and subsequent HCC development. SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) plays a critical role in SREBP activation. We sought to determine the impact of SREBP inhibition on NASH and HCC development. To this end, we additionally inhibited SREBP pathway in liver-specific PTEN mice by ablating SCAP and generated liver-specific PTEN/SCAP double KO (DKO) mice. However unexpectedly, inhibition of SCAP/SREBP pathway markedly exacerbated liver injury (5weeks), fibrosis (5months), and carcinogenesis (7 months) in PTEN KO mice. To elucidate the mechanisms of liver injury in liver-specific PTEN/SCAP DKO mice, we conducted transcriptome analyses of the livers.
2022-04-05 | GSE169104 | GEO