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A novel transcriptional network for the Androgen Receptor in human epididymis epithelial cells [ChIP-Seq]

ABSTRACT: The androgen receptor (AR) has a pivotal role in regulating gene expression in the male reproductive system. Due to the involvement of AR in prostate cancer, its role is best studied in the prostate gland epithelium and prostate cancer cell lines. Here we investigate the transcriptional program of AR in normal human epididymis epithelial (HEE) cells. After AR stimulation of caput HEE cells with the synthetic androgen R1881, AR targets were revealed with RNA-sequencing. Next, AR occupancy genome-wide was determined in control or R1881-stimulated HEE cells by chromatin immunoprecipitation and deep sequencing (ChIP-seq). The results identify about 200 genes that are differentially expressed (DEGs) in HEE cells after AR activation. Some of these DEGs show occupancy of AR at their promoters or cis-regulatory elements suggesting direct regulation. However there is little overlap in AR-associated DEGs between HEE and prostate epithelial cells. Inspection of over-represented motifs in AR ChIP-seq peaks identified CAAT-enhancer binding protein beta (CEBPB) and Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) as potential co-factors, with no evidence for FOXA1, which is an important co-factor in the prostate epithelium. CEBPB and RUNX1 ChIP-seq in HEE cells showed that both these factors often occupied AR-binding sites, though rarely simultaneously. Further analysis at a single AR-regulated locus (FK506-binding protein 5, FKPB5) suggests that RUNX1 may inhibit AR occupancy, while CEBP appears to be a co-activator. These data suggest a novel AR transcriptional network governs differentiated functions of the human epididymis epithelium.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE109061 | GEO | 2018/08/21

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The epithelium lining the epididymis has a pivotal role in ensuring a luminal environment that can support normal sperm maturation. Many of the individual genes that encode proteins involved in establishing the epididymal luminal fluid are well characterized. They include ion channels, ion exchangers, transporters and solute carriers. However, the molecular mechanisms that coordinate expression of these genes and modulate their activities in response to biological stimuli are less well understood. To identify cis-regulatory elements for genes expressed in human epididymis epithelial cells we generated genome-wide maps of open chromatin by DNase-seq. This analysis identified 33,542 epididymis-selective DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHS), which were not evident in five cell types of different lineages. Identification of genes with epididymis-selective DHS at their promoters revealed gene pathways that are active in immature epididymis epithelial cells. These include processes correlating with epithelial function and also others with specific roles in the epididymis including retinol metabolism and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. Peaks of epididymis-selective chromatin were seen in the androgen receptor gene and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which has a critical role in regulating ion transport across the epididymis epithelium. In silico prediction of transcription factor binding sites that were over-represented in epididymis-selective DHS identified epithelial transcription factors including ELF5 and ELF3, the androgen receptor, Pax2 and Sox9, as components of epididymis transcriptional networks. Active genes, which are targets of each transcription factor, reveal important biological processes in the epididymis epithelium. HEE cells were cultured as described previously (Harris and Coleman 1989). RNA was isolated by Trizol extraction from three primary cultures of HEE cells. Total RNA was purified by Millipore Microcon YM-100 filter centrifugation and shipped to MoGene, MO, for gene expression analysis on Nimblegen 4 x 72K HG18 60mer arrays. This submission represents transcriptome component of study.

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A novel transcriptional network for the Androgen Receptor in human epididymis epithelial cells [ChIP-Seq]

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