Axial progenitors generate trunk neural crest cells in vitro
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE109267 | GEO | 2018/08/10
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Axial progenitors generate trunk neural crest cells in vitro
| PRJNA430261 | ENA
Project description:In vertebrate embryos, anterior tissues are generated early, followed by the other axial structures that emerge sequentially from a posterior growth zone. The genetic network driving posterior axial elongation in mice, and its disturbance in mutants with posterior truncation are not yet fully understood. We show that the combined expression of Cdx2 and T Brachyury is essential to establish the core signature of posterior axial progenitors. Cdx2 and T Brachyury are required for extension of a similar trunk portion of the axis. Simultaneous loss of function of these two genes disrupts axial elongation to a much greater extent than each single mutation alone. We identify and validate common targets for Cdx2 and T Brachyury in vivo including Wnt and Fgf pathway components active in the axial progenitor niche. Our data demonstrate that integration of the Cdx/Hox and T Brachyury transcriptional networks controls differential axial growth during vertebrate trunk elongation.
2016-12-20 | GSE84899 | GEO
Project description:The vertebrate main-body axis is laid down during embryonic stages in an anterior-to-posterior (head-to-tail) direction, driven and supplied by posteriorly located progenitors. For the vertebral column, the process of axial progenitor cell expansion that drives axis elongation, and the process of segmentation which allocates these progenitors into repeating vertebral units, occurs seemingly uninterrupted from the first to the last vertebra. Nonetheless, there is clear developmental and evolutionary support for two discrete modules controlling processes within different axial regions: a trunk module and a tail module. The secreted signal Gdf11 has been identified as a principal regulator of timing the trunk-to-tail (T-to-T) transition, but has pleiotropic effects across much of the main body axis, highlighting the need to reveal intrinsic regulatory networks that function to exclusively control one or the other module. Here, we identify Nuclear receptor subfamily 6 group A member 1 (Nr6a1) as a master regulator of elongation, patterning and lineage allocation specifically within the trunk region of the mouse. Both gain- and loss-of-function in vivo analysis revealed that the precise level of Nr6a1 acts as a rheostat, expanding or contracting vertebral number of the trunk region autonomously from other axial regions. Moreover, the timely clearance of Nr6a1 observed at the T-to-T transition was essential in allowing the tail module to operate correctly. In parallel with these effects on vertebral number, we show that Nr6a1 controls the timely progression of global Hox signatures within axial progenitors, preventing the precocious expression of multiple posterior Hox genes as the trunk is being laid down and thus reinforcing that patterning and elongation are coordinated. Finally, our data supports a crucial role for Nr6a1 in regulating gene regulatory networks that guide cell lineage choice of axial progenitors between neural and mesodermal fate. Collectively, our data reveals an axially-restricted role for Nr6a1 in all major cellular and tissue-level events required for vertebral column formation, supporting the view that modulation of Nr6a1 expression level or function may underpin evolutionary changes in axial formulae that exclusively alter the trunk region.
2023-01-03 | GSE180426 | GEO
Project description:The vertebrate main-body axis is laid down during embryonic stages in an anterior-to-posterior (head-to-tail) direction, driven and supplied by posteriorly located progenitors. For the vertebral column, the process of axial progenitor cell expansion that drives axis elongation, and the process of segmentation which allocates these progenitors into repeating vertebral units, occurs seemingly uninterrupted from the first to the last vertebra. Nonetheless, there is clear developmental and evolutionary support for two discrete modules controlling processes within different axial regions: a trunk module and a tail module. The secreted signal Gdf11 has been identified as a principal regulator of timing the trunk-to-tail (T-to-T) transition, but has pleiotropic effects across much of the main body axis, highlighting the need to reveal intrinsic regulatory networks that function to exclusively control one or the other module. Here, we identify Nuclear receptor subfamily 6 group A member 1 (Nr6a1) as a master regulator of elongation, patterning and lineage allocation specifically within the trunk region of the mouse. Both gain- and loss-of-function in vivo analysis revealed that the precise level of Nr6a1 acts as a rheostat, expanding or contracting vertebral number of the trunk region autonomously from other axial regions. Moreover, the timely clearance of Nr6a1 observed at the T-to-T transition was essential in allowing the tail module to operate correctly. In parallel with these effects on vertebral number, we show that Nr6a1 controls the timely progression of global Hox signatures within axial progenitors, preventing the precocious expression of multiple posterior Hox genes as the trunk is being laid down and thus reinforcing that patterning and elongation are coordinated. Finally, our data supports a crucial role for Nr6a1 in regulating gene regulatory networks that guide cell lineage choice of axial progenitors between neural and mesodermal fate. Collectively, our data reveals an axially-restricted role for Nr6a1 in all major cellular and tissue-level events required for vertebral column formation, supporting the view that modulation of Nr6a1 expression level or function may underpin evolutionary changes in axial formulae that exclusively alter the trunk region.
2023-01-03 | GSE179858 | GEO
Project description:The formation of the vertebrate body is driven by the progressive and coordinated production of trunk tissues from pools of progenitors located in the posterior of the embryo. Aspects of this process are recapitulated by in vitro models based on pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). However, these models lack several tissue components normally found in the vertebrate trunk. Most strikingly, the notochord, a hallmark of chordates and the source of midline signals that pattern surrounding tissues, is absent from current models of human trunk formation. To investigate how trunk tissue is formed, we performed single-cell transcriptomic analysis of chick embryos. This delineated molecularly discrete progenitor populations, which we spatially locate in the embryo and relate to signalling activity. Guided by this map, we determined how a stereotypical spatial organization of tissue types arises in differentiating human PSCs. This involved LATS1/2 mediated repression of YAP activity facilitating WNT signalling, that, together with FGF mediated ERK1/2 activation, induces the transcription factor Bra/TBXT. In addition, timely inhibition of a WNT-induced NODAL and BMP signalling cascade regulates the proportions of different tissue types produced, including notochordal cells. We exploit this to develop an integrated 3D model of human notochord and neural tissue formation. Together the data provide insight into the mechanisms responsible for the formation of the tissues that comprise the vertebrate trunk and pave the way for future studies of patterning in a tissue-like environment.
2023-03-06 | GSE223189 | GEO
Project description:Hox and Cdx transcription factors regulate embryonic positional identities. Cdx mutant mice display posterior body truncations of the axial skeleton, neuraxis, and caudal uro-rectal structures. We show that trunk Hox genes stimulate axial extension as they can largely rescue these Cdx mutant phenotypes. Conversely, posterior (paralog group 13) Hox genes can prematurely arrest posterior axial growth when precociously expressed. Our data suggest that the transition from trunk to tail Hox gene expression successively regulates construction and termination of axial structures in the mouse embryo. Thus, Hox genes seem to differentially orchestrate posterior expansion of embryonic tissues during axial morphogenesis as an integral part of their function in specifying head-to-tail identity. In addition, we present evidence that Cdx and Hox transcription factors exert these effects by controlling Wnt signaling. Concomitant regulation of Cyp26a1 expression, restraining retinoic acid signaling in the posterior growth zone, may likewise play a role in timing the trunk-tail transition.
2009-10-19 | GSE17660 | GEO
Project description:The formation of the vertebrate body is driven by the progressive and coordinated production of trunk tissues from pools of progenitors located in the posterior of the embryo. Aspects of this process are recapitulated by in vitro models based on pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). However, these models lack several tissue components normally found in the vertebrate trunk. Most strikingly, the notochord, a hallmark of chordates and the source of midline signals that pattern surrounding tissues, is absent from current models of human trunk formation. To investigate how trunk tissue is formed, we performed single-cell transcriptomic analysis of chick embryos. This delineated molecularly discrete progenitor populations, which we spatially locate in the embryo and relate to signalling activity. Guided by this map, we determined how a stereotypical spatial organization of tissue types arises in differentiating human PSCs. This involved LATS1/2 mediated repression of YAP activity facilitating WNT signalling, that, together with FGF mediated ERK1/2 activation, induces the transcription factor Bra/TBXT. In addition, timely inhibition of a WNT-induced NODAL and BMP signalling cascade regulates the proportions of different tissue types produced, including notochordal cells. We exploit this to develop an integrated 3D model of human notochord and neural tissue formation. Together the data provide insight into the mechanisms responsible for the formation of the tissues that comprise the vertebrate trunk and pave the way for future studies of patterning in a tissue-like environment.
2023-03-06 | GSE224404 | GEO
Project description:Hox and Cdx transcription factors regulate embryonic positional identities. Cdx mutant mice display posterior body truncations of the axial skeleton, neuraxis, and caudal uro-rectal structures. We show that trunk Hox genes stimulate axial extension as they can largely rescue these Cdx mutant phenotypes. Conversely, posterior (paralog group 13) Hox genes can prematurely arrest posterior axial growth when precociously expressed. Our data suggest that the transition from trunk to tail Hox gene expression successively regulates construction and termination of axial structures in the mouse embryo. Thus, Hox genes seem to differentially orchestrate posterior expansion of embryonic tissues during axial morphogenesis as an integral part of their function in specifying head-to-tail identity. In addition, we present evidence that Cdx and Hox transcription factors exert these effects by controlling Wnt signaling. Concomitant regulation of Cyp26a1 expression, restraining retinoic acid signaling in the posterior growth zone, may likewise play a role in timing the trunk-tail transition.
2009-10-19 | GSE17658 | GEO
Project description:The formation of the vertebrate body is driven by the progressive and coordinated production of trunk tissues from pools of progenitors located in the posterior of the embryo. Aspects of this process are recapitulated by in vitro models based on pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). However, these models lack several tissue components normally found in the vertebrate trunk. Most strikingly, the notochord, a hallmark of chordates and the source of midline signals that pattern surrounding tissues, is absent from current models of human trunk formation. To investigate how trunk tissue is formed, we performed single-cell transcriptomic analysis of chick embryos. This delineated molecularly discrete progenitor populations, which we spatially locate in the embryo and relate to signalling activity. Guided by this map, we determined how a stereotypical spatial organization of tissue types arises in differentiating human PSCs. This involved LATS1/2 mediated repression of YAP activity facilitating WNT signalling, that, together with FGF mediated ERK1/2 activation, induces the transcription factor Bra/TBXT. In addition, timely inhibition of a WNT-induced NODAL and BMP signalling cascade regulates the proportions of different tissue types produced, including notochordal cells. We exploit this to develop an integrated 3D model of human notochord and neural tissue formation. Together the data provide insight into the mechanisms responsible for the formation of the tissues that comprise the vertebrate trunk and pave the way for future studies of patterning in a tissue-like environment.
2024-02-14 | GSE255338 | GEO
Project description:The trunk axial skeleton develops from paraxial mesoderm cells. Our recent study demonstrated that conditional knockout of the stem cell factor Sall4 in mice by TCre caused tail truncation and a disorganized axial skeleton posterior to the lumbar level. Based on this phenotype, we hypothesized that, in addition to the previously reported role of Sall4 in neuromesodermal progenitors, Sall4 is involved in the development of the paraxial mesoderm tissue. ATAC-seq in TCre; Sall4 mutant posterior trunk mesoderm shows that Sall4 knockout reduces chromatin accessibility. We found that Sall4- dependent open chromatin status drives activation and repression of WNT signaling activators and repressors, respectively, to promote WNT signaling. Moreover, footprinting analysis of ATAC-seq data suggests that Sall4-dependent chromatin accessibility facilitates CTCF binding, which contributes to the repression of neural genes within the mesoderm. This study unveils multiple mechanisms by which Sall4 regulates paraxial mesoderm development by directing activation of mesodermal genes and repression of neural genes.
2024-02-13 | GSE217671 | GEO