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Integrative analysis of methylomic and transcriptomic data in fetal sheep muscle tissues in response to maternal diet during pregnancy

ABSTRACT: Numerous studies have established a link between maternal diet and the physiological and metabolic phenotypes of the offspring. In previous studies in sheep, we demonstrated that different maternal diets had altered the transcriptome of fetal tissues. However, the mechanisms underlying those transcriptomic changes are poorly understood. DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark regulating transcription and is largely influenced by dietary components of the one-carbon cycle, a generator of the methyl group donor. Therefore, in the present study, we hypothesized that different maternal diets during pregnancy will alter the DNA methylation and gene expression patterns in fetal tissues. Pregnant ewes were randomly divided into two groups each of which received a hay or corn diet from mid-gestation (day 67±5) until necropsy (day 131 ± 1). The diets were formulated to meet the nutritional needs of ewes during pregnancy. On the day of necropsy, longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle tissues were collected from the fetuses and then used for DNA methylation analysis and gene expression profiling.

ORGANISM(S): Ovis aries

PROVIDER: GSE109512 | GEO | 2018/01/24

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Maternal Nutrition Induces Pervasive Gene Expression Changes but no Detectable DNA Methylation Differences in the Liver of Adult Offspring [RRBS]

Project description:Aims: Epidemiological and animal studies have shown that maternal diet can influence metabolism in adult offspring. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes remain poorly understood. Here, we aim to explore phenotypes induced by maternal obesity in a mouse model and examine gene expression and epigenetic alterations in adulthood induced by maternal diet. Methods: We analyzed genetically identical male mice born from dams fed a high- or low-fat diet throughout pregnancy and until day 21 postpartum. After weaning, half of the males of each group were fed a high-fat diet, the other half a low-fat diet. We first characterized the genome-wide gene expression patterns of six tissues of adult offspring - liver, pancreas, white adipose, brain, muscle and heart [GSE40903] . We then measured DNA methylation patterns in liver at selected loci and throughout the genome. Results: Maternal diet had a significant effect on the body weight of the offspring when they are fed an obesogenic diet after weaning. Our analyses showed that maternal diet had a pervasive effect on gene expression, with a pronounced effect in liver where it affected many genes involved in inflammation, cholesterol synthesis and RXR activation. Maternal diet had no detectable effect on DNA methylation in the liver. Conclusions: Overall, our findings highlighted the persistent influence of maternal diet on adult tissue regulation and suggested that the transcriptional changes were unlikely to be caused by DNA methylation differences in adult liver. Methylation is compared between nine week old animals fed a common diet as adults, but derived from mothers fed different diets.

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