Maternal Vitamin C regulates DNA demethylation and development of the mouse embryonic germline [RRBS]
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE109746 | GEO | 2019/07/01
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Maternal Vitamin C is required in vivo for proper DNA demethylation and development of fetal germ cells in a mouse model of Vitamin C deficiency. Withdrawal of Vitamin C from the maternal diet does not affect overall embryonic development but leads to defects in the fetal germline, which persist well after Vitamin C re-supply during late gestation. The transcriptome of germ cells from Vitamin C-deficient embryos is remarkably similar to that of embryos carrying a mutation in Tet1, which is responsible for DNA demethylation and activation of regulators of meiosis. In agreement with these results, Vitamin C deficiency leads to an aberrant DNA methylation profile that includes incomplete demethylation of key regulators of meiosis and transposable elements. These findings reveal that deficiency in Vitamin C during gestation recapitulates a mutation in Tet1 and disrupts germline reprogramming and development. Our work further indicate that the embryonic germline is sensitive to perturbations of the maternal diet, providing a potential intergenerational mechanism for adjusting fecundity to environmental quality.
2019-07-01 | GSE125496 | GEO
Project description:Maternal Vitamin C is required in vivo for proper DNA demethylation and development of fetal germ cells in a mouse model of Vitamin C deficiency. Withdrawal of Vitamin C from the maternal diet does not affect overall embryonic development but leads to defects in the fetal germline, which persist well after Vitamin C re-supply during late gestation. The transcriptome of germ cells from Vitamin C-deficient embryos is remarkably similar to that of embryos carrying a mutation in Tet1, which is responsible for DNA demethylation and activation of regulators of meiosis. In agreement with these results, Vitamin C deficiency leads to an aberrant DNA methylation profile that includes incomplete demethylation of key regulators of meiosis and transposable elements. These findings reveal that deficiency in Vitamin C during gestation recapitulates a mutation in Tet1 and disrupts germline reprogramming and development. Our work further indicate that the embryonic germline is sensitive to perturbations of the maternal diet, providing a potential intergenerational mechanism for adjusting fecundity to environmental quality.
2019-07-01 | GSE125495 | GEO
Project description:Maternal Vitamin C is required in vivo for proper DNA demethylation and development of fetal germ cells in a mouse model of Vitamin C deficiency. Withdrawal of Vitamin C from the maternal diet does not affect overall embryonic development but leads to defects in the fetal germline, which persist well after Vitamin C re-supply during late gestation. The transcriptome of germ cells from Vitamin C-deficient embryos is remarkably similar to that of embryos carrying a mutation in Tet1, which is responsible for DNA demethylation and activation of regulators of meiosis. In agreement with these results, Vitamin C deficiency leads to an aberrant DNA methylation profile that includes incomplete demethylation of key regulators of meiosis and transposable elements. These findings reveal that deficiency in Vitamin C during gestation recapitulates a mutation in Tet1 and disrupts germline reprogramming and development. Our work further indicate that the embryonic germline is sensitive to perturbations of the maternal diet, providing a potential intergenerational mechanism for adjusting fecundity to environmental quality.
2019-07-01 | GSE109745 | GEO
Project description:DNA methylation is a heritable epigenetic modification involved in gene silencing, imprinting, and the suppression of retrotransposons. Global DNA demethylation occurs in the early embryo and the germline and may be mediated by Tet (ten-eleven-translocation) enzymes, which convert 5-methylcytosine (mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC). Tet enzymes have been extensively studied in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, which are generally cultured in the absence of Vitamin C, a potential co-factor for Fe(II) 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase enzymes like Tets. Here we report that addition of Vitamin C to ES cells promotes Tet activity leading to a rapid and global increase in hmC. This is followed by DNA demethylation of numerous gene promoters and up-regulation of demethylated germline genes. Tet1 binding is enriched near the transcription start site (TSS) of genes affected by Vitamin C treatment. Importantly, Vitamin C, but not other antioxidants, enhances the activity of recombinant human Tet1 in a biochemical assay and the Vitamin C-induced changes in hmC and mC are entirely suppressed in Tet1/2 double knockout (Tet DKO) ES cells. Vitamin C has the strongest effects on regions that gain methylation in cultured ES cells compared to blastocysts and in vivo are methylated only after implantation. In contrast, imprinted regions and intracisternal A-particle (IAP) elements, which are resistant to demethylation in the early embryo, are resistant to Vitamin C-induced DNA demethylation. Collectively, this study establishes that Vitamin C is a direct regulator of Tet activity and DNA methylation fidelity in ES cells. Oct4-GiP mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells were cultured in the presence or absence of Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, 200 M-NM-<g/ml) for 72 hours. RNA was harvested from biological triplicates for each condition and hybridized to Affymetrix microarrays. Cells were maintained in N2B27 medium supplemented with LIF (1000 U/ml), MEK inhibitor PD0325901 (1 M-NM-<M), and GSK3M-NM-2 inhibitor CHIR99021 (3 M-NM-<M).
2013-06-30 | E-GEOD-46319 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:DNA methylation is a heritable epigenetic modification involved in gene silencing, imprinting, and the suppression of retrotransposons. Global DNA demethylation occurs in the early embryo and the germline and may be mediated by Tet (ten-eleven-translocation) enzymes, which convert 5-methylcytosine (mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC). Tet enzymes have been extensively studied in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, which are generally cultured in the absence of Vitamin C, a potential co-factor for Fe(II) 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase enzymes like Tets. Here we report that addition of Vitamin C to ES cells promotes Tet activity leading to a rapid and global increase in hmC. This is followed by DNA demethylation of numerous gene promoters and up-regulation of demethylated germline genes. Tet1 binding is enriched near the transcription start site (TSS) of genes affected by Vitamin C treatment. Importantly, Vitamin C, but not other antioxidants, enhances the activity of recombinant human Tet1 in a biochemical assay and the Vitamin C-induced changes in hmC and mC are entirely suppressed in Tet1/2 double knockout (Tet DKO) ES cells. Vitamin C has the strongest effects on regions that gain methylation in cultured ES cells compared to blastocysts and in vivo are methylated only after implantation. In contrast, imprinted regions and intracisternal A-particle (IAP) elements, which are resistant to demethylation in the early embryo, are resistant to Vitamin C-induced DNA demethylation. Collectively, this study establishes that Vitamin C is a direct regulator of Tet activity and DNA methylation fidelity in ES cells. Oct4-GiP mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells were cultured in the presence or absence of Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, 100 M-NM-<g/ml) for 12 or 72 hours. Cells were maintained in N2B27 medium supplemented with LIF (1000 U/ml), MEK inhibitor PD0325901 (1 M-NM-<M), and GSK3M-NM-2 inhibitor CHIR99021 (3 M-NM-<M). Genomic DNA was used for DNA immunoprecipitation with antibodies against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC) or 5-methylcytosine (mC). Immunoprecipitated DNA was adaptor-ligated for paired-end sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq and sequence reads were aligned to the mm9 mouse reference genome for analysis.
2013-06-30 | E-GEOD-46402 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:DNA methylation is a heritable epigenetic modification involved in gene silencing, imprinting, and the suppression of retrotransposons. Global DNA demethylation occurs in the early embryo and the germline and may be mediated by Tet (ten-eleven-translocation) enzymes, which convert 5-methylcytosine (mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC). Tet enzymes have been extensively studied in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, which are generally cultured in the absence of Vitamin C, a potential co-factor for Fe(II) 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase enzymes like Tets. Here we report that addition of Vitamin C to ES cells promotes Tet activity leading to a rapid and global increase in hmC. This is followed by DNA demethylation of numerous gene promoters and up-regulation of demethylated germline genes. Tet1 binding is enriched near the transcription start site (TSS) of genes affected by Vitamin C treatment. Importantly, Vitamin C, but not other antioxidants, enhances the activity of recombinant human Tet1 in a biochemical assay and the Vitamin C-induced changes in hmC and mC are entirely suppressed in Tet1/2 double knockout (Tet DKO) ES cells. Vitamin C has the strongest effects on regions that gain methylation in cultured ES cells compared to blastocysts and in vivo are methylated only after implantation. In contrast, imprinted regions and intracisternal A-particle (IAP) elements, which are resistant to demethylation in the early embryo, are resistant to Vitamin C-induced DNA demethylation. Collectively, this study establishes that Vitamin C is a direct regulator of Tet activity and DNA methylation fidelity in ES cells.
2013-06-30 | GSE46319 | GEO
Project description:DNA methylation is a heritable epigenetic modification involved in gene silencing, imprinting, and the suppression of retrotransposons. Global DNA demethylation occurs in the early embryo and the germline and may be mediated by Tet (ten-eleven-translocation) enzymes, which convert 5-methylcytosine (mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC). Tet enzymes have been extensively studied in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, which are generally cultured in the absence of Vitamin C, a potential co-factor for Fe(II) 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase enzymes like Tets. Here we report that addition of Vitamin C to ES cells promotes Tet activity leading to a rapid and global increase in hmC. This is followed by DNA demethylation of numerous gene promoters and up-regulation of demethylated germline genes. Tet1 binding is enriched near the transcription start site (TSS) of genes affected by Vitamin C treatment. Importantly, Vitamin C, but not other antioxidants, enhances the activity of recombinant human Tet1 in a biochemical assay and the Vitamin C-induced changes in hmC and mC are entirely suppressed in Tet1/2 double knockout (Tet DKO) ES cells. Vitamin C has the strongest effects on regions that gain methylation in cultured ES cells compared to blastocysts and in vivo are methylated only after implantation. In contrast, imprinted regions and intracisternal A-particle (IAP) elements, which are resistant to demethylation in the early embryo, are resistant to Vitamin C-induced DNA demethylation. Collectively, this study establishes that Vitamin C is a direct regulator of Tet activity and DNA methylation fidelity in ES cells.
2013-06-30 | GSE46402 | GEO
Project description:Gametes are highly specialised cells that can give rise to the next generation through their ability to generate a totipotent zygote. In mouse, germ cells are first specified in the developing embryo as primordial germ cells (PGCs) starting around embryonic day (E) 6.25. Following subsequent migration into the developing gonad, PGCs undergo a wave of extensive epigenetic reprogramming at E10.5/E11.5, including genome-wide loss of 5-methylcytosine (5mC). The underlying molecular mechanisms of this process have remained enigmatic leading to our inability to recapitulate this step of germline development in vitro. Using an integrative approach, we show that this complex reprogramming process involves the coordinated interplay between promoter sequence characteristics, DNA (de)methylation, Polycomb (PRC1) complex and both DNA demethylation-dependent and -independent functions of Tet1 to enable the activation of a critical set of germline reprogramming responsive (GRR) genes involved in gamete generation and meiosis. Our results also unexpectedly reveal a role for Tet1 in safeguarding but not driving DNA demethylation in gonadal PGCs. Collectively, our work uncovers a fundamental biological role for gonadal germline reprogramming and identifies the epigenetic principles of the PGC-to-gonocyte transition that will be instructive towards recapitulating complete gametogenesis in vitro.
2018-03-07 | GSE76971 | GEO
Project description:Gametes are highly specialised cells that can give rise to the next generation through their ability to generate a totipotent zygote. In mouse, germ cells are first specified in the developing embryo as primordial germ cells (PGCs) starting around embryonic day (E) 6.25. Following subsequent migration into the developing gonad, PGCs undergo a wave of extensive epigenetic reprogramming at E10.5/E11.5, including genome-wide loss of 5-methylcytosine (5mC). The underlying molecular mechanisms of this process have remained enigmatic leading to our inability to recapitulate this step of germline development in vitro. Using an integrative approach, we show that this complex reprogramming process involves the coordinated interplay between promoter sequence characteristics, DNA (de)methylation, Polycomb (PRC1) complex and both DNA demethylation-dependent and -independent functions of Tet1 to enable the activation of a critical set of germline reprogramming responsive (GRR) genes involved in gamete generation and meiosis. Our results also unexpectedly reveal a role for Tet1 in safeguarding but not driving DNA demethylation in gonadal PGCs. Collectively, our work uncovers a fundamental biological role for gonadal germline reprogramming and identifies the epigenetic principles of the PGC-to-gonocyte transition that will be instructive towards recapitulating complete gametogenesis in vitro.
2018-03-07 | GSE76962 | GEO
Project description:Gametes are highly specialised cells that can give rise to the next generation through their ability to generate a totipotent zygote. In mouse, germ cells are first specified in the developing embryo as primordial germ cells (PGCs) starting around embryonic day (E) 6.25. Following subsequent migration into the developing gonad, PGCs undergo a wave of extensive epigenetic reprogramming at E10.5/E11.5, including genome-wide loss of 5-methylcytosine (5mC). The underlying molecular mechanisms of this process have remained enigmatic leading to our inability to recapitulate this step of germline development in vitro. Using an integrative approach, we show that this complex reprogramming process involves the coordinated interplay between promoter sequence characteristics, DNA (de)methylation, Polycomb (PRC1) complex and both DNA demethylation-dependent and -independent functions of Tet1 to enable the activation of a critical set of germline reprogramming responsive (GRR) genes involved in gamete generation and meiosis. Our results also unexpectedly reveal a role for Tet1 in safeguarding but not driving DNA demethylation in gonadal PGCs. Collectively, our work uncovers a fundamental biological role for gonadal germline reprogramming and identifies the epigenetic principles of the PGC-to-gonocyte transition that will be instructive towards recapitulating complete gametogenesis in vitro.
2018-03-07 | GSE76958 | GEO