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The landscape of accessible chromatin in mouse and human primordial germ cells (PGC)

ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE109770 | GEO | 2018/06/26

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Accurate annotation of accessible chromatin in mouse and human primordial germ cells.

Project description:Extensive and accurate chromatin remodeling is essential during primordial germ cell (PGC) development for the perpetuation of genetic information across generations. Here, we report that distal cis-regulatory elements (CREs) marked by DNase I-hypersensitive sites (DHSs) show temporally restricted activities during mouse and human PGC development. Using DHS maps as proxy, we accurately locate the genome-wide binding sites of pluripotency transcription factors in mouse PGCs. Unexpectedly, we found that mouse female meiotic recombination hotspots can be captured by DHSs, and for the first time, we identified 12,211 recombination hotspots in mouse female PGCs. In contrast to that of meiotic female PGCs, the chromatin of mitotic-arrested male PGCs is permissive through nuclear transcription factor Y (NFY) binding in the distal regulatory regions. Furthermore, we examined the evolutionary pressure on PGC CREs, and comparative genomic analysis revealed that mouse and human PGC CREs are evolutionarily conserved and show strong conservation across the vertebrate tree outside the mammals. Therefore, our results reveal unique, temporally accessible chromatin configurations during mouse and human PGC development.

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The landscape of accessible chromatin in mouse and human primordial germ cells (PGC) [mouse ChIP-seq]

Project description:We mapped and systematically annotated the cis-regulatory elements in moue human primordial germ cells (PGCs).

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The landscape of accessible chromatin in mouse and human primordial germ cells (PGC) [mouse DNase-Hypersensitivity]

Project description:We mapped and systematically annotated the cis-regulatory elements in moue human primordial germ cells (PGCs).

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The landscape of accessible chromatin in mouse and human primordial germ cells (PGC) [human DNase-Hypersensitivity]

Project description:We mapped and systematically annotated the cis-regulatory elements in moue human primordial germ cells (PGCs).

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Drosophila Pgc protein inhibits P-TEFb recruitment to chromatin in primordial germ cells.

Project description:Germ cells are the only cells that transmit genetic information to the next generation, and they therefore must be prevented from differentiating inappropriately into somatic cells. A common mechanism by which germline progenitors are protected from differentiation-inducing signals is a transient and global repression of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII)-dependent transcription. In both Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, the repression of messenger RNA transcription during germ cell specification correlates with an absence of phosphorylation of Ser 2 residues in the carboxy-terminal domain of RNAPII (hereafter called CTD), a critical modification for transcriptional elongation. Here we show that, in Drosophila embryos, a small protein encoded by polar granule component (pgc) is essential for repressing CTD Ser 2 phosphorylation in newly formed pole cells, the germline progenitors. Ectopic Pgc expression in somatic cells is sufficient to repress CTD Ser 2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, Pgc interacts, physically and genetically, with positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), the CTD Ser 2 kinase complex, and prevents its recruitment to transcription sites. These results indicate that Pgc is a cell-type-specific P-TEFb inhibitor that has a fundamental role in Drosophila germ cell specification. In C. elegans embryos, PIE-1 protein segregates to germline blastomeres, and is thought to repress mRNA transcription through interaction with P-TEFb. Thus, inhibition of P-TEFb is probably a common mechanism during germ cell specification in the disparate organisms C. elegans and Drosophila.

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Project description:The landscape of accessible chromatin in mouse and human primordial germ cells (PGC)

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