Diversity of cytosine methylation across the fungi tree of life
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ABSTRACT: Cytosine methylation is a conserved base modification, but explanations for its interspecific variation remain elusive. Only through taxonomic sampling of disparate groups can unifying explanations for interspecific variation be thoroughly tested. Here we leverage phylogenetic resolution of cytosine DNA methyltransferases (DNA MTases) and genome evolution to better understand widespread interspecific variation across 40 diverse fungal species. DNA MTase genotypes have diversified from the ancestral DNMT1+DNMT5 genotype through numerous loss events, and duplications, whereas, DIM-2 and RID-1 are more recently derived in fungi. Methylation is typically enriched at intergenic regions, which includes repeats and transposons. Unlike certain Insecta and Angiosperm species, Fungi lack canonical gene body methylation. Some fungi species possess large clusters of contiguous methylation encompassing many genes, repetitive DNA and transposons, and are not ancient in origin. Broadly, methylation is partially explained by DNA MTase genotype and repetitive DNA content. Basidiomycota on average have the highest level of methylation, and repeat content, compared to other phyla. However, exceptions exist across Fungi. Other traits, including DNA repair mechanisms, might contribute to interspecific methylation variation within Fungi. Our results show mechanism and genome evolution are unifying explanations for interspecific methylation variation across Fungi.
ORGANISM(S): Coemansia reversa Hesseltinella vesiculosa Uncinocarpus reesii Pleurotus ostreatus Coprinopsis cinerea Aureobasidium pullulans Pyricularia oryzae KJ201 Podospora anserina Postia placenta Aspergillus flavus Laccaria bicolor Spinellus fusiger Clavispora lusitaniae Kirkomyces cordensis Mixia osmundae Radiomyces spectabilis Plenodomus lingam Candida albicans Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae Botrytis cinerea Agaricus bisporus Wolfiporia cocos Phycomyces blakesleeanus Phanerodontia chrysosporium Sporobolomyces roseus Heterobasidion irregulare Fusarium fujikuroi Cordyceps militaris Metarhizium robertsii Candidozyma auris Parasitella parasitica Flammula alnicola Pseudogymnoascus destructans Neurospora crassa Saccharomyces cerevisiae Coemansia spiralis Lobosporangium transversale Syncephalis fuscata Tilletiopsis washingtonensis
PROVIDER: GSE112636 | GEO | 2019/02/18
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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