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Gene expression profiling in mouse fibroblast tumors with overexpression of the homeoprotein SIX1

ABSTRACT: Six1 is a developmental transcriptional regulator frequently overexpressed in human tumors. Recent results also show that SIX1 acts as a repressor of cell senescence, an antiproliferative response with key roles in tumor suppression, among other physiological and pathological settings. Here, we set to study the impact of SIX1 gain of function in transformation and tumorigenesis of fibroblasts, in connection with senescence. Using transcriptomic, histological, and functional analyses in murine cells and tumors of fibroblast origin, we show that SIX1 has a strong pro-tumorigenic action in this model, linked to the repression of a senescence-related gene signature and the activation of cellular plasticity, mediated at least in part by direct transcriptional regulation of the stemness factor Sox2. Moreover, functional analyses with human glioma cell lines also show that SIX1 controls SOX2 expression, senescence and self-renewal in this model. Collectively, our results support a general link of SIX1 with senescence and SOX2-mediated cell plasticity in tumors.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE113385 | GEO | 2019/02/12

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Homeoprotein SIX1 compromises anti-tumor immunity through TGF-β-mediated regulation of collagens

Project description:Purpose: The tumor microenvironment (TME), such as non-immune-infiltrated “cold” tumors, has been associated with immune suppression. However, the complex mechanisms regulating tumor immunogenicity have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we investigated whether Transcription factor sine oculis homeobox 1 (SIX1) expression in the cancer cells regulated anti-tumor immunity by reshaping TME. Methods: The expression of SIX1 in human tumor tissues was analyzed based on TCGA data. Six1 knockout murine cell lines were generated to analyze the SIX1-associated tumor progression and anti-tumor immune response in tumor xenograft models. Immune cells and cytokines in TME were quantified by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and ELISPOT assay. SIX1-associated differentially expressed genes were investigated in cancer cells and tissues with RNA-Seq. At the end, Correlation of SIX1 with TGFBR2 expression was assessed by Western blot and Dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results:SIX1 was highly upregulated in human tumor tissues, while rarely expressed in matched normal tissues. Deletion of the Six1 in cancer cells inhibited tumor growth, depending on adaptive immunity. Moreover, Six1 deficiency significantly enhanced CD8+ T cells infiltration, leading to eradication of poorly immunogenic tumors and maintaining a long-term protection from tumor re-challenge. Mechanistically, SIX1 as a transcription factor upregulated TGFBR2 expression, which induced collagen genes expression via the Smad2/3 phosphorylation, increased collagens deposition in TME and hampered CD8+ T cells infiltration. Conclusions: Six1 deletion in cancer cells improved tumor immunogenicity, leading to tumor destruction by enhancing anti-tumor immune responses. Our observations uncovered a crucial role of SIX1 on remodulating tumor immunogenicity and demonstrated a proof of concept for targeting SIX1 in cancer immunotherapy.

2021-09-09 | GSE183580 | GEO

Expression data from Control and Six1 expressing MCF7 derived xenograft tumors

Project description:Although an important association between lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in breast cancer was observed decades ago, an active role for the lymphatic system in metastatic dissemination has only recently been examined. We demonstrate that the Six1 homeoprotein promotes peri- and intra-tumoral lymphangiogenesis, lymphatic invasion, and distant metastasis of breast cancer cells. We identify the pro-lymphangiogenic factor, VEGF-C, as required for this process, and demonstrate transcriptional induction as the mechanism of regulation of VEGF-C expression by Six1. Using a different, but complementary animal model, we show that while required, VEGF-C is not sufficient for the pro-metastatic effects of Six1. Verifying the clinical significance of this pro-metastatic Six1-VEGF-C axis, we demonstrate co-expression of Six1 and VEGF-C in human breast cancer. Two Control and two Six1 expressing MCF7 clones were orthotopically injected into NOD/Scid mice forming a total of 3 Control and 3 Six1 tumors that were allowed to grow to 2 cm^3 . The tumors were dissected and total RNA was isolated from each tumor and hybridized to Affymetrix arrays

2012-03-31 | E-GEOD-35314 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gene expression profiling of Six1-null developing inner ear.

Project description:Six1-null mice display developmental defects in the inner ear associated to aberrant senescence. To understand the molecular basis of this phenotype, here we investigated gene expression profiles of otic vesicles from Six1-null and wild-type embryos at developmental stage E10.5.

2023-04-20 | GSE193334 | GEO

Expression data from Control and Six1 expressing MCF7 cells

Project description:Inappropriate activation of developmental pathways is a well-recognized tumor-promoting mechanism. Here we show that overexpression of the homeoprotein Six1, normally a developmentally restricted transcriptional regulator, increases Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling in mammary carcinoma cells and induces an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) that is in part dependent on its ability to increase TGF-beta signaling. TGF-beta signaling and EMT have been implicated in metastatic dissemination of carcinoma. Using spontaneous and experimental metastasis mouse models, we demonstrate that Six1 overexpression promotes breast cancer metastasis. In addition, we show that, like its induction of EMT, Six1-induced experimental metastasis is dependent on its ability to activate TGF-beta signaling. Importantly, in human breast cancers Six1 significantly correlates with nuclear Smad3, and thus increased TGF-beta signaling. Further, breast cancer patients whose tumors overexpress Six1 have a shortened time to relapse and metastasis, and an overall decrease in survival. Finally, we show that the effects of Six1 on tumor progression likely extend beyond breast cancer, since its overexpression correlates with adverse outcomes in numerous other cancers, including brain, cervical, prostate, colon, kidney, and liver, amongst others. Our findings argue that Six1, acting through TGF-beta signaling and EMT, is a powerful and global promoter of cancer metastasis.

2010-08-21 | GSE23655 | GEO

Gene expression profiling in mouse fibroblast tumors with overexpression of the homeoprotein SIX1

Project description:Gene expression profiling in mouse fibroblast tumors with overexpression of the homeoprotein SIX1

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The chromatin remodeler Brg1 cooperates with tissue-specific transcription-factors to regulate Sox2 activation via multiple enhancers to establish proneurosensory identity within otic ectoderm

Project description:Specification of Sox2+ proneurosensory progenitors within otic ectoderm is a prerequisite for the production of sensory cells and neurons for hearing. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms driving this lineage specification remain unknown. Here, we show that Brg1-based SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex interacts with the neurosensory-specific transcriptional regulators Eya1/Six1 to induce Sox2 expression and proneurosensory-lineage specification. Ablation of the ATPase-subunit Brg1 or both Eya1/Six1 results in loss of Sox2 expression and lack of neurosensory identity. Brg1 and Six1 co-occupy three distal 3' Sox2 enhancers and Brg1-recruitment to these regions is disrupted in Eya1- or Six1-null otocyst. Eya1 as a coactivator of Six1 synergistically regulates the activity of these enhancers, which drives expression in otic neurosensory cells in response to binding to Six1. Thus, through interaction with Six1/Eya1, the Brg1-based SWI/SNF complex specifies otic proneurosensory lineage. Furthermore, genome-wide and transcriptome analyses reveal that Brg1 also suppresses expression of non-otic genes.

2021-06-04 | GSE158167 | GEO

Determining genomic localization of SIX1 in A673 cells with SIX1 depletion

Project description:Investigating genomic binding of SIX1 in A673 cells transduced with shSCR or one of two shSIX1 shRNAs to deplete SIX1.

2023-05-22 | GSE215350 | GEO

Genome-wide characterization of Six1 binding in embryo and cochlea

Project description:Six1 is a critical transcription factor for specifying cell fates in multiple organs and shares common DNA-binding sites with Six2/4/5. However, its molecular function in defining the specificity of Six1-DNA interactions and in instructing cell fates is poorly understood. We performed Six1 ChIP-seq analyses in E10.5 mouse embryos and E13.5 cochleae to map genome-wide CRMs through which Six1 and its interacting TFs function in a combinatorial fashion to control the network of gene regulation necessary for proper development. Genome-wide characterization has identified a robust set of Six1 targets in embryos and auditory sensory epithelium, including genes participating in Wnt/Notch/Shh/Fgf signaling pathways and regulators critical for auditory hair cell formation. Our data provide insights into how Six1 acts in multiple regulatory networks operating in distinct cell types at different stages.

2020-04-17 | GSE108130 | GEO

Determining genomic localization of SIX1 in EWS-502 cells with SIX1 depletion

Project description:Investigating genomic binding of SIX1 in EWS-502 cells transduced with shSCR or one of two shSIX1 shRNAs to deplete SIX1.

2023-05-22 | GSE233118 | GEO

Six1 regulates mouse lower incisor development by coordinating Dlx1/2/5 [scRNA-seq]

Project description:Tooth development is a complex process orchestrated by intricate gene regulatory networks, involving both odontogenic epithelium and ectomesenchyme. Six1, a pivotal transcription factor (TF), is involved in the development of the lower incisor. However, its precise role during incisor development and the molecular mechanisms underpinning its regulatory functions remain poorly understood. This study employs Six1 deletion mouse models to elucidate the critical regulatory role of Six1 in governing dental mesenchyme development. By performing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we constructed a comprehensive transcriptome atlas of tooth germ development from the bud to bell stage. Our analyses suggest that the dental follicle (DF) and the dental papilla (DP) are differentiated from dental ectomesenchyme (DEM), and identify the key transcription factors (TFs) underlying these distinct states. Notably, we show that Dlx1, Dlx2, and Dlx5 (Dlx1/2/5) may function as the key TFs that promote the formation of DP. We further show that the deletion of Six1 perturbs dental mesenchyme development by impeding the transitions from DEM to DP states. Importantly, SIX1 directly binds to the promoters of Dlx1/2/5 to promote their co-expression, which subsequently leads to widespread epigenetic and transcriptional remodeling. In summary, our findings unveil Six1's indispensable role in incisor development, offering key insights into transcription factor-driven regulatory networks that govern dental mesenchyme cell fate transitions during tooth development.

2024-05-06 | GSE254658 | GEO

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