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Coreceptor delivery of paracrine APRIL to Golgic BCMA lowers immunogenicity of B-cell lymphoma

ABSTRACT: APRIL is involved in the development of B-cell lymphomas. However, in tumors the source of APRIL is paracrine while one signaling receptor, BCMA, is intracellular, raising the question on how APRIL may signal. In fact, tumor cells internalized APRIL via their surface HSPG. Then, APRIL trafficked into endosomes to finally interact with Golgic BCMA, whose sequence harbors strong identities with sorting nexins. Intracellular APRIL/BCMA interactions activated the canonical NF-kB pathway, and mediated from tumor cells an immunosuppressive response including IL-10 upregulation. Absence of APRIL/BCMA interactions impaired tumor growth in mice, and APRIL internalization by tumor cells correlated with a reduced survival for patients. Taken together, the present study elucidates a fully intracellular signaling pathway, key to B-cell lymphoma development.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE113643 | GEO | 2018/04/26

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Multiple myeloma (MM) immune escape resulting from B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) target loss is considered to be a rare event that mediates MM resistance to anti-BCMA chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T) or bispecific T cell engager (TCE) therapies. Emerging clinical data also suggests that downregulation of G protein coupled receptor family C group 5 member D (GPRC5D), another promising target antigen expressed on MM cells, is observed in patients at relapse post anti-GPRC5D CAR T, but the genomic mechanisms that underlie GPRC5D loss has not been described. In order to examine the tumor intrinsic factors that promote MM antigen escape, we performed combined bulk whole genome sequencing and single cell copy number variation analysis on CD138+ cells from bone marrow aspirates of patients before and after relapse from anti-BCMA or -GPRC5D CAR T/ TCE. We describe five cases with distinct biallelic events on TNFRSF17 at MM relapse after CAR T/ TCE. In addition to focal biallelic deletions at the TNFRSF17 locus acquired at relapse, BCMA negative clones can emerge from the selective expansion of subclones with homozygous TNFRSF17 loss that exist prior to any anti-BCMA therapy exposure. Furthermore, we corroborate with functional data to demonstrate that three different non-truncating mutations in the extracellular domain of BCMA negates the efficacies of BCMA directed TCEs and mediate disease relapse in patients. With respect to GPRC5D, we report four cases of MM relapse with biallelic loss of GPRC5D following anti-GPRC5DxCD3ε. Our data support that immunoselection of BCMA negative or mutant clones post anti-BCMA therapies may be more frequent than currently accepted in the field, and that an all or none screening approach for BCMA expression is inadequate to detect pertinent mutations that affect patient response to targeted therapies. We also highlight the importance of developing immunotherapies targeting novel and non-redundant epitopes or antigens in MM

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Coreceptor delivery of paracrine APRIL to Golgic BCMA lowers immunogenicity of B-cell lymphoma

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