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Differential gene expression and physiological changes during acute or persistent plant virus interactions may contribute to viral symptom differences

ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

ORGANISM(S): Nicotiana tabacum Nicotiana benthamiana Solanum lycopersicum

PROVIDER: GSE113774 | GEO | 2019/05/06

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Differential gene expression and physiological changes during acute or persistent plant virus interactions may contribute to viral symptom differences.

Project description:Viruses have different strategies for infecting their hosts. Fast and acute infections result in the development of severe symptoms and may cause the death of the plant. By contrast, in a persistent interaction, the virus can survive within its host for a long time, inducing only mild symptoms. In this study, we investigated the gene expression changes induced in CymRSV-, crTMV-, and TCV-infected Nicotiana benthamiana and in PVX- and TMV-U1-infected Solanum lycopersicum plants after the systemic spread of the virus by two different high-throughput methods: microarray hybridization or RNA sequencing. Using these techniques, we were able to clearly differentiate between acute and persistent infections. We validated the gene expression changes of selected genes by Northern blot hybridization or by qRT-PCR. We show that, in contrast to persistent infections, the drastic shut-off of housekeeping genes, downregulation of photosynthesis-related transcripts and induction of stress genes are specific outcomes with acute infections. We also show that these changes are not a consequence of host necrosis or the presence of a viral silencing suppressor. Thermal imaging data and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements correlated very well with the molecular changes. We believe that the molecular and physiological changes detected during acute infections mostly contribute to virus symptom development. The observed characteristic physiological changes associated with economically more dangerous acute infections could serve as a basis for the elaboration of remote monitoring systems suitable for detecting developing virus infections in crops. Moreover, as molecular and physiological changes are characteristics of different types of virus lifestyles, this knowledge can support risk assessments of recently described novel viruses.

| S-EPMC6499435 | biostudies-literature

Differential gene expression and physiological changes during acute or persistent plant virus interactions may contribute to viral symptom differences (microarray)

Project description:Viruses have different strategy to infect their hosts. Acute type infection is fast resulting in severe symptoms or in the death of the plant, while in persistent type of interaction the virus can survive within its host for a long period of time with mild symptoms. During our studies we investigated gene expression changes of virus infected Nicotiana benthamiana and Solanum lycopersicum after systemic spread of the virus by two different methods: microarray hybridization and RNA sequencing. Using these high throughput techniques we could easily differentiate between acute and persistent type of infection and validate key expression changes by Northern blot hybridization. We also demonstrated that in persistent infection not only drastic downregulation of important housekeeping genes, but induction of stress genes are missing, making possible for the virus to survive in its host for a long period of time. Symptoms of acute and persistent type virus infection differ markedly and according to our results the type of infection can be distinguished even at an early point by characterizing the photosynthetic activity of virus infected plants. RNA-Seq was made from PVX, TMV infected and mock inoculated leafs in 3 biological replicates and 1 technical repeat

2019-05-06 | GSE113772 | GEO

Differential gene expression and physiological changes during acute or persistent plant virus interactions may contribute to viral symptom differences (RNA-Seq)

2019-05-06 | GSE113773 | GEO

Differential gene expression and physiological changes during acute or persistent plant virus interactions may contribute to viral symptom differences

Project description:Differential gene expression and physiological changes during acute or persistent plant virus interactions may contribute to viral symptom differences

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Differential gene expression and physiological changes during acute or persistent plant virus interactions may contribute to viral symptom differences (microarray)

Project description:Differential gene expression and physiological changes during acute or persistent plant virus interactions may contribute to viral symptom differences (microarray)

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Differential gene expression and physiological changes during acute or persistent plant virus interactions may contribute to viral symptom differences (RNA-Seq)

Project description:Differential gene expression and physiological changes during acute or persistent plant virus interactions may contribute to viral symptom differences (RNA-Seq)

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Plant and aphid vector manipulation by a persistent plant virus

Project description:Plant viruses rely on both host plant and vectors for a successful infection. This study investigated the global transcriptomic changes in Arabidopsis thaliana that were simultaneously exposed to both a plant virus (turnip yellows virus, polerovirus genus and Solemoviridae family) and its aphid vector (Myzus persicae). Some of these modifications in gene expression may promote in a timely manner viral transmission and dispersion.

2023-04-01 | GSE218846 | GEO

Seasonality of interactions between a plant virus and its host during persistent infection in a natural environment.

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MiR398-regulated antioxidants contribute to Bamboo mosaic virus accumulation and symptom manifestation.

Project description:Virus infections that cause mosaic or mottling in leaves commonly also induce increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, how ROS contributes to symptoms is less well documented. Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) causes chlorotic mosaic symptoms in both Brachypodium distachyon and Nicotiana benthamiana. The BaMV △CPN35 mutant with an N-terminal deletion of its coat protein gene exhibits asymptomatic infection independently of virus titer. Histochemical staining of ROS in mock-, BaMV-, and BaMV△CPN35-infected leaves revealed that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulated solely in BaMV-induced chlorotic spots. Moreover, exogenous H2O2 treatment enhanced yellowish chlorosis in BaMV-infected leaves. Both BaMV and BaMV△CPN35 infection could induce the expression of Cu/Zu superoxide dismutase (CSD) antioxidants at messenger RNA and protein level. However, BaMV triggered the abundant accumulation of full-length NbCSD2 preprotein (prNbCSD2, without transit peptide cleavage), whereas BaMV△CPN35 induced a truncated prNbCSD2. Confocal microscopy showed that majority of NbCSD2-green fluorescent protein (GFP) predominantly localized in the cytosol upon BaMV infection, but BaMV△CPN35 infection tended to cause NbCSD2-GFP to remain in chloroplasts. By 5'-RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends, we validated CSDs are the targets of miR398 in vivo. Furthermore, BaMV infection increased the level of miR398, while the level of BaMV titer was regulated positively by miR398 but negatively by CSD2. In contrast, overexpression of cytosolic form NbCSD2, impairing the transport into chloroplasts, greatly enhanced BaMV accumulation. Taken together, our results indicate that induction of miR398 by BaMV infection may facilitate viral titer accumulation, and cytosolic prNbCSD2 induction may contribute to H2O2 accumulation, resulting in the development of BaMV chlorotic symptoms in plants.

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Plant-microbe interactions before drought influence plant physiological responses to subsequent severe drought.

Project description:We examined the effect of soil microbial communities on plant physiological responses to drought. Bouteloua gracilis seeds were planted in sterilized sand with (inoculated) and without (controls) soil microbial communities. After substantial growth, drought was imposed by completely withholding water. Before soil moisture declined to zero, inoculated plants germinated faster, were significantly taller, and maintained greater soil moisture than controls. The greater soil moisture of the inoculated plants allowed greater photosynthesis but also induced lower tissue drought tolerance (as indicated by turgor loss point) compared to controls. The inoculated plants were more susceptible to severe drought compared to control plants as indicated by significantly lower mean stomatal conductance, as well as marginally significantly greater mean wilting score, for the entire severe drought period after soil moisture declined to zero. Inoculated plants exhibited enhanced growth and photosynthesis and dampened drought stress over short timescales, but also increased susceptibility to drought over long timescales. This work demonstrates (1) an unexpected insight that microbes can have positive initial effects on plant performance, but negative impacts on plant performance during severe drought, and (2) that microbially altered effects on plant function during well-watered and moderate drought conditions can influence plant function under subsequent severe drought.

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