Smad4 deficiency impairs chondrocyte hypertrophy via the Runx2 transcription factor in mouse skeletal development [ChIP-seq]
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE114081 | GEO | 2018/05/07
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Smad4 is a central mediator of canonical TGF/BMP signaling and plays important roles in mesenchymal cell aggregation, chondrocyte differentiation, osteoblast differentiation and maturation. However, the regulatory mechanism of Smad4 underlying chondrocyte hypertrophy during skeletal development is unknown. To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which Smad4 deficiency impairs chondrocyte hypertrophy, we performed high-throughput RNA-seq to identify target genes involved in Smad4-regulated chondrocyte hypertrophy. Our results suggest that Smad4 controls chondrocyte hypertrophy through regulating Runx2 expression during skeletal development.
2018-05-07 | GSE114079 | GEO
Project description:Smad4 deficiency impairs chondrocyte hypertrophy via the Runx2 transcription factor in mouse skeletal development
| PRJNA454484 | ENA
Project description:Smad4 deficiency impairs chondrocyte hypertrophy via the Runx2 transcription factor in mouse skeletal development [RNA-seq]
| PRJNA464242 | ENA
Project description:Smad4 deficiency impairs chondrocyte hypertrophy via the Runx2 transcription factor in mouse skeletal development [ChIP-seq]
| PRJNA464244 | ENA
Project description:Differentiated chondrocytes from populations of human bone marrow stromal cells including skeletal stem cells (hBMSCs/SSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have the potential to restore damaged cartilage, yet chondrocyte hypertrophy is a barrier for translational therapy. However, hBMSCs/SSCs attached to a hyaluronic acid-coated fibrin microbead scaffold (HyA-FMBs) produce cartilage that resists hypertrophy. We show that HyA-FMBs initially suppress Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) signaling early in chondrogenic differentiation of hBMSCs/SSCs, then restore BMP signaling in a stable chondrogenic population enriched for Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5 and Matrix Gla Protein. We subsequently developed a serumfree hiPSC differentiation strategy that inhibited, then activated BMP signaling in a purified subpopulation derived from ?chondrospheroids? that exhibited stable expression of Type II Collagen, Aggrecan (ACAN), and Lubricin (PRG4) and minimal e xpression of Type X Collagen. Overall, timed, and selective BMP signaling restrains chondrocyte hypertrophy, supporting the potential of chondrospheroid-derived cells for clinical utility in osteoarthritis.
2024-08-08 | GSE242524 | GEO
Project description:Chondrocyte hypertrophy is the terminal step in chondrocyte differentiation and is crucial for endochondral bone formation. How signaling pathways regulate chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation remains incompletely understood. In this study, using a Tbx18:Cre (Tbx18Cre/+) gene-deletion approach, we selectively deleted the gene for the signaling protein SMAD family member 4 (Smad4f/f ) in the limbs of mice. We found that the Smad4-deficient mice develop a prominent shortened limb, with decreased expression of chondrocyte differentiation markers, including Col2a1 and Acan, in the humerus at mid-to-late gestation. The most striking defects in these mice were the absence of stylopod elements and failure of chondrocyte hypertrophy in the humerus. Moreover, expression levels of the chondrocyte hypertrophy-related markers Col10a1 and Panx3 were significantly decreased. Of note, we also observed that the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), a critical mediator of chondrocyte hypertrophy, was also down-regulated in Smad4-deficient limbs. To determine how the skeletal defects arose in the mouse mutants, we performed RNA-Seq with ChIP-Seq analyses and found that Smad4 directly binds to regulatory elements in the Runx2 promoter. Our results suggest a new mechanism whereby Smad4 controls chondrocyte hypertrophy by up-regulating Runx2 expression during skeletal development. The regulatory mechanism involving Smad4-mediated Runx2 activation uncovered here provides critical insights into bone development and pathogenesis of chondrodysplasia.
| S-EPMC6005452 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Runx2 and Axin2 regulate skeletal development. We recently determined that Axin2 and Runx2 molecularly interact in differentiating osteoblasts to regulate intramembranous bone formation, but the relationship between these factors in endochondral bone formation was unresolved. To address this, we examined the effects of Axin2 deficiency on the cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) phenotype of Runx2+/- mice, focusing on skeletal defects attributed to improper endochondral bone formation. Axin2 deficiency unexpectedly exacerbated calvarial components of the CCD phenotype in the Runx2+/- mice; the endocranial layer of the frontal suture, which develops by endochondral bone formation, failed to mineralize in the Axin2-/-:Runx2+/-mice, resulting in a cartilaginous, fibrotic and larger fontanel than observed in Runx2+/- mice. Transcripts associated with cartilage development (e.g., Acan, miR140) were expressed at higher levels, whereas blood vessel morphogenesis transcripts (e.g., Slit2) were suppressed in Axin2-/-:Runx2+/-calvaria. Cartilage maturation was impaired, as primary chondrocytes from double mutant mice demonstrated delayed differentiation and produced less calcified matrix in vitro. The genetic dominance of Runx2 was also reflected during endochondral fracture repair, as both Runx2+/- and double mutant Axin2-/-:Runx2+/- mice had enlarged fracture calluses at early stages of healing. However, by the end stages of fracture healing, double mutant animals diverged from the Runx2+/- mice, showing smaller calluses and increased torsional strength indicative of more rapid end stage bone formation as seen in the Axin2-/- mice. Taken together, our data demonstrate a dominant role for Runx2 in chondrocyte maturation, but implicate Axin2 as an important modulator of the terminal stages of endochondral bone formation. 4 mice per genotype X 4 genotypes: wildtype (WT), Runx2+/- (R-Het), Axin2-/- (A-KO), Axin2-/-:Runx2+/- (A-KO:R-Het). Total = 16 samples
2014-07-04 | E-GEOD-59079 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Runx2 and Axin2 regulate skeletal development. We recently determined that Axin2 and Runx2 molecularly interact in differentiating osteoblasts to regulate intramembranous bone formation, but the relationship between these factors in endochondral bone formation was unresolved. To address this, we examined the effects of Axin2 deficiency on the cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) phenotype of Runx2+/-M-BM- mice, focusing on skeletal defects attributed to improper endochondral bone formation. Axin2 deficiency unexpectedly exacerbated calvarial components of the CCD phenotype in the Runx2+/-M-BM- mice; the endocranial layer of the frontal suture, which develops by endochondral bone formation, failed to mineralize in the Axin2-/-:Runx2+/-mice, resulting in a cartilaginous, fibrotic and larger fontanel than observed in Runx2+/-M-BM- mice. Transcripts associated with cartilage development (e.g., Acan, miR140) were expressed at higher levels, whereas blood vessel morphogenesis transcripts (e.g., Slit2) were suppressed in Axin2-/-:Runx2+/-calvaria. Cartilage maturation was impaired, as primary chondrocytes from double mutant mice demonstrated delayed differentiation and produced less calcified matrix in vitro. The genetic dominance of Runx2 was also reflected during endochondral fracture repair, as both Runx2+/-M-BM- and double mutant Axin2-/-:Runx2+/-M-BM- mice had enlarged fracture calluses at early stages of healing. However, by the end stages of fracture healing, double mutant animals diverged from the Runx2+/-M-BM- mice, showing smaller calluses and increased torsional strength indicative of more rapid end stage bone formation as seen in the Axin2-/-M-BM- mice. Taken together, our data demonstrate a dominant role for Runx2 in chondrocyte maturation, but implicate Axin2 as an important modulator of the terminal stages of endochondral bone formation. 4 mice per genotype X 4 genotypes: wildtype (WT), Runx2+/- (R-Het), Axin2-/- (A-KO), Axin2-/-:Runx2+/- (A-KO:R-Het). Total = 16 samples
2014-07-04 | E-GEOD-59081 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:A comprehensive analysis of Sox9 binding profiles in developing chondrocytes identified marked enrichment of an AP-1-like motif (Ohba et al. 2015). Here, we have explored the functional interplay between Sox9 and AP-1 in mammalian chondrocyte development. Among AP-1 family members, Jun and Fosl2 were highly expressed within prehypertrophic and early hypertrophic chondrocytes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) showed a striking overlap in Jun- and Sox9-bound regions throughout the chondrocyte genome, a reflection of direct binding of each factor to target motifs in shared enhancers, and physical interactions of AP-1 with Sox9. In vitro expression analysis indicates that direct co-binding of Sox9 and AP-1 at target motifs enhanced target gene expression, while protein-protein interactions suppressed AP-1- and Sox9-driven transcription. Analysis of prehypertrophic chondrocyte removal of Sox9 demonstrated Sox9 was essential for hypertrophic chondrocyte development, while in vitro and ex vivo analyses showed AP-1 promotes chondrocyte hypertrophy. Sox9 and Jun co-bound and co-activated a Col10a1 enhancer in Sox9 and AP-1 motif-dependent manners consistent with their combined action promoting hypertrophic gene expression. Together, the data support a model where AP-1-family members promote Sox9-action in the transition of chondrocytes to a terminal hypertrophic program. Intersection of ChIP-seq data from Sox9 and AP-1 factor Jun, RNA-seq data from developing rib chondrocytes and Col10a1mCherry positive hypertrophic chondrocytes in neonatal mice to uncover regulation of Sox9 by AP-1 factors during chondrocyte hypertrophy.
2016-02-29 | E-GEOD-73372 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Runx2 and Axin2 regulate skeletal development. We recently determined that Axin2 and Runx2 molecularly interact in differentiating osteoblasts to regulate intramembranous bone formation, but the relationship between these factors in endochondral bone formation was unresolved. To address this, we examined the effects of Axin2 deficiency on the cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) phenotype of Runx2+/- mice, focusing on skeletal defects attributed to improper endochondral bone formation. Axin2 deficiency unexpectedly exacerbated calvarial components of the CCD phenotype in the Runx2+/- mice; the endocranial layer of the frontal suture, which develops by endochondral bone formation, failed to mineralize in the Axin2-/-:Runx2+/-mice, resulting in a cartilaginous, fibrotic and larger fontanel than observed in Runx2+/- mice. Transcripts associated with cartilage development (e.g., Acan, miR140) were expressed at higher levels, whereas blood vessel morphogenesis transcripts (e.g., Slit2) were suppressed in Axin2-/-:Runx2+/-calvaria. Cartilage maturation was impaired, as primary chondrocytes from double mutant mice demonstrated delayed differentiation and produced less calcified matrix in vitro. The genetic dominance of Runx2 was also reflected during endochondral fracture repair, as both Runx2+/- and double mutant Axin2-/-:Runx2+/- mice had enlarged fracture calluses at early stages of healing. However, by the end stages of fracture healing, double mutant animals diverged from the Runx2+/- mice, showing smaller calluses and increased torsional strength indicative of more rapid end stage bone formation as seen in the Axin2-/- mice. Taken together, our data demonstrate a dominant role for Runx2 in chondrocyte maturation, but implicate Axin2 as an important modulator of the terminal stages of endochondral bone formation.
2014-07-04 | GSE59079 | GEO