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A chromatin modulator sustains self-renewal and enables differentiation of postnatal neural stem cells

ABSTRACT: It remains largely unclear if efficient H3K4 methylation, an epigenetic modification associated with gene activation, regulates fate determination of the postnatal neural stem cells (NSCs). By inactivating the Dpy30 subunit of the major mammalian H3K4 methyltransferase complexes in specific regions of mouse brain, we demonstrate a crucial role of efficient H3K4 methylation in maintaining both the self-renewal and differentiation capacity of postnatal NSCs. Loss Dpy30 disrupts the development of dentate gyrus and subventricular zone, the major regions for postnatal NSC activities. Dpy30 is indispensable for sustaining the self-renewal of NSCs in a cell-intrinsic manner. Dpy30 also enables the differentiation of mouse and human neural progenitor cells to neuronal and glial lineages. Dpy30 directly regulates H3K4 methylation and the induction of several genes critical in neurogenesis. These findings link a prominent epigenetic mechanism of gene expression to the fundamental properties of NSCs, and may have implications in neurodevelopmental disorders.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE114091 | GEO | 2019/03/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Mammalian Dpy-30 regulates genomic H3K4 methylation and is essential for ES cell fate specification

Project description:H3K4 methylation is associated with active genes and, along with H3K27 methylation, is part of a bivalent chromatin mark that typifies poised developmental genes in ESCs. However, its functional roles in ESC maintenance and differentiation are not established. Here we show that mammalian Dpy-30, a core subunit of SET1/MLL complexes, biochemically modulates H3K4 methylation in vitro, and directly regulates chromosomal H3K4me3 throughout the mammalian genome. Depletion of Dpy-30 does not affect ESC self-renewal, but significantly alters the differentiation potential of ESCs, particularly along the neural lineage. The differentiation defect is accompanied by defects in gene induction and H3K4 methylation at key developmental loci. Our results provide strong experimental evidence for the hypothesis that H3K4 methylation is an essential functional component of the bivalent mark during activation of developmental genes in ESCs. Total RNAs from control or knockdown cells before and after RA-mediated differentiation were subjected to Illumina microarray analyses. ChIP-enriched DNA from mouse ES cells was analyzed by Solexa sequencing.

2011-02-01 | E-GEOD-26136 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Dpy30 Is Critical for Maintaining the Identity and Function of Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Project description:As the major histone H3K4 methyltransferases in mammals, the Set1/Mll complexes play important roles in animal development and are increasingly associated with diseases including hematological malignancies. The role of H3K4 methylation activity of these complexes, however, remains elusive in fate determination of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSCs and HPCs). Here we address this question by generating a conditional knockout mouse for Dpy30, which is a common core subunit of all Set1/Mll complexes and facilitates genome-wide H3K4 methylation in cells. Dpy30 loss in the adult hematopoietic system results in severe pancytopenia but striking accumulation of HSCs and early HPCs that are defective in multilineage reconstitution, suggesting a differentiation block. In mixed bone marrow chimeras, Dpy30-deficient HSCs cannot differentiate or efficiently upregulate lineage-regulatory genes, and eventually fail to sustain for long term with significant loss of HSC signature gene expression. Our molecular analyses reveal that Dpy30 directly regulates H3K4 methylation and expression of key transcriptional factors, cofactors, and chromatin modulators involved in HSC function. Collectively, our results establish a critical role of Dpy30 and the H3K4 methylation activity of the Set1/Mll complexes for maintaining the identity and function of adult hematopoietic stem cells.

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KDM5B decommissions the H3K4 methylation landscape of self-renewal genes during trophoblast stem cell differentiation [RNA-seq]

Project description:Trophoblast stem (TS) cells derived from the trophectoderm (TE) of mammalian embryos have the ability to self-renew indefinitely or differentiate into fetal lineages of the placenta. Epigenetic control of gene expression plays an instrumental role in dictating the fate of TS cell self-renewal and differentiation. However, the roles of histone demethylases and activating histone modifications such as methylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3/me2) in regulating TS cell expression programs, and in priming the epigenetic landscape for trophoblast differentiation, are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the H3K4 demethylase, KDM5B, regulates the H3K4 methylome and expression landscapes of TS cells. Depletion of KDM5B resulted in downregulation of TS cell self-renewal genes and upregulation of trophoblast-lineage genes, which was accompanied by altered H3K4 methylation. Moreover, we found that KDM5B resets the H3K4 methylation landscape during differentiation in the absence of the external self-renewal signal, FGF4, by removing H3K4 methylation from promoters of self-renewal genes, and of genes whose expression is enriched in TS cells. Altogether, our data indicate an epigenetic role for KDM5B in regulating H3K4 methylation in TS cells and during trophoblast differentiation.

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KDM5B decommissions the H3K4 methylation landscape of self-renewal genes during trophoblast stem cell differentiation [ChIP-seq]

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Effects of Dpy30 loss on gene expression in mouse fetal liver HSCs

Project description:Profound distinctions exist between fetal liver (FL) and adult bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in many aspects. Previously we showed that efficient H3K4 methylation plays an essential role in the differentiation and long-term maintenance of adult hematopoietic stem cell. However, its role in fetal hematopoiesis is unknown. Here, we show that loss of Dpy30, a core subunit of Set1/Mll complexes that responsible for efficient global H3K4 methylation, in FL results in embryonic anemia as well as the accumulation of HSCs that are defective in multiple lineage reconstitution as shown in mixed chimera assays. Global gene expression analyses identified 21 genes co-downregulated by Dpy30 loss in FL and BM HSCs, among which we further demonstrate that Igdcc4 and Ntpcr are important for efficient colony formation capacity of both FL and BM HSCs in vitro. This study suggests that Dpy30 and certain Dpy30 targets are fundamentally important in regulating HSCs regardless of developmental stages, and that the identified common target genes may provide new insight into the molecular regulation of hematopoiesis.

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Mammalian Dpy-30 regulates genomic H3K4 methylation and is essential for ES cell fate specification

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Histone H3K4 methylation-dependent and independent functions of Set1A/COMPASS in embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation

Project description:Of the six members of the COMPASS (complex of proteins associated with Set1) family of histone H3 Lys4 (H3K4) methyltransferases identified in mammals, Set1A has been shown to be essential for early embryonic development and the maintenance of embryonic stem cell (ESC) self-renewal. Like its familial relatives, Set1A possesses a catalytic SET domain responsible for histone H3K4 methylation. Whether H3K4 methylation by Set1A/COMPASS is required for ESC maintenance and during differentiation has not yet been addressed. Here, we generated ESCs harboring the deletion of the SET domain of Set1A (Set1AΔSET); surprisingly, the Set1A SET domain is dispensable for ESC proliferation and self-renewal. The removal of the Set1A SET domain does not diminish bulk H3K4 methylation in ESCs; instead, only a subset of genomic loci exhibited reduction in H3K4me3 in Set1AΔSET cells, suggesting a role for Set1A independent of its catalytic domain in ESC self-renewal. However, Set1AΔSET ESCs are unable to undergo normal differentiation, indicating the importance of Set1A-dependent H3K4 methylation during differentiation. Our data also indicate that during differentiation, Set1A but not Mll2 functions as the H3K4 methylase on bivalent genes and is required for their expression, supporting a model for transcriptional switch between Mll2 and Set1A during the self-renewing-to-differentiation transition. Together, our study implicates a critical role for Set1A catalytic methyltransferase activity in regulating ESC differentiation but not self-renewal and suggests the existence of context-specific H3K4 methylation that regulates transcriptional outputs during ESC pluripotency.

2017-09-26 | GSE98988 | GEO

ZNF335 regulates stem cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation via Trithorax complex and REST/NRSF [gene expression]

Project description:The progression from stem cell to differentiated neuron is associated with extensive chromatin remodeling that controls gene expression, but the mechanisms that connect chromatin to gene expression are not well defined. Here we show that mutation of ZNF335 causes severe human microcephaly ("small brain"), small somatic size, and neonatal death. Germline Znf335 null mutations are embryonically lethal in mice, whereas RNA-interference studies and postmortem human studies show that Znf335 is essential for neural progenitor self-renewal, neurogenesis, and neuronal differentiation. Znf335 is a component of a vertebrate-specific, trithorax H3K4 methylation complex, while global ChIP-seq and mRNA expression studies show that Znf335 is a previously unsuspected, direct regulator of REST/NRSF, a master regulator of neural gene expression and neural cell fate, as well as other essential neural-specific genes. Our results reveal ZNF335 as an essential link between H3K4 complexes and REST/NRSF, and provide the first direct evidence that this pathway regulates human neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation. ShRNA knockdown cells were FACS sorted and analyzed for changes in gene expression

2012-12-31 | E-GEOD-36384 | biostudies-arrayexpress

ZNF335 regulates stem cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation via Trithorax complex and REST/NRSF [ChIP-Seq]

Project description:The progression from stem cell to differentiated neuron is associated with extensive chromatin remodeling that controls gene expression, but the mechanisms that connect chromatin to gene expression are not well defined. Here we show that mutation of ZNF335 causes severe human microcephaly ("small brain"), small somatic size, and neonatal death. Germline Znf335 null mutations are embryonically lethal in mice, whereas RNA-interference studies and postmortem human studies show that Znf335 is essential for neural progenitor self-renewal, neurogenesis, and neuronal differentiation. Znf335 is a component of a vertebrate-specific, trithorax H3K4 methylation complex, while global ChIP-seq and mRNA expression studies show that Znf335 is a previously unsuspected, direct regulator of REST/NRSF, a master regulator of neural gene expression and neural cell fate, as well as other essential neural-specific genes. Our results reveal ZNF335 as an essential link between H3K4 complexes and REST/NRSF, and provide the first direct evidence that this pathway regulates human neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation. Examination of Znf335-bound genes with two separate antisera

2012-12-31 | E-GEOD-36385 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Specific inhibition of DPY30 activity by peptides suppresses blood cancer cell growth

Project description:Epigenetic modulators are being recognized as attractive targets for potential cancer treatment. SET1/MLL complexes are the major H3K4 methyltransferase complexes in mammals. The DPY30 subunit is associated with these complexes by forming a dimer that directly binds to the ASH2L subunit in the complexes and facilitates methylation. We have previously established an important role of DPY30 in certain hematologic malignancies including MLL-rearranged leukemia and Burkitt’s lymphoma, but the domain on DPY30 that regulates cancer growth is not evident. Moreover, the potential of pharmacologically targeting this chromatin modulator to inhibit cancer has not been explored. Here we have developed a peptide-based strategy to specifically target DPY30 activity. We have designed cell-penetrating peptides that can either bind to DPY30 or show defective or enhanced binding to DPY30. The DPY30-binding peptides, but not the non-binding peptide, inhibit DPY30’s activity in interacting with ASH2L and in enhancing H3K4 methylation. Treatment with the DPY30-binding, but not the non-binding, peptide significantly inhibited the growth of MLL-rearranged leukemia and other MYC-dependent hematologic cancer cells including Burkitt’s lymphoma cells. These results strongly support a critical role of the ASH2L-binding groove of DPY30 in promoting the growth of certain blood cancers, and also demonstrate a proof-of-principle for the feasibility of pharmacologically targeting the ASH2L-binding groove of DPY30 for potential cancer inhibition.

2019-03-01 | GSE115988 | GEO

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