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Condensin-dependent chromatin condensation represses transcription globally during quiescence [ChIP-Seq]

ABSTRACT: Quiescence is a stress-resistant state in which cells reversibly exit the mitotic cell cycle and suspend most cellular processes. Quiescence is essential for stem cell maintenance and its misregulation is implicated in tumor formation. One of the conserved hallmarks of quiescent cells, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to humans, is highly condensed chromatin. Here, we use Micro-C XL to map chromatin contacts at single-nucleosome resolution genome-wide to elucidate mechanisms and functions of condensed chromatin in quiescent S. cerevisiae cells. We describe previously uncharacterized chromatin domains on the order of 10-60 kilobases that in quiescent cells are formed by condensin-mediated chromatin loops. Conditional depletion of condensin prevents chromatin condensation during quiescence entry and leads to widespread transcriptional de-repression. We further demonstrate that condensin-dependent chromatin compaction is conserved in quiescent human fibroblasts. We propose that condensin-dependent condensation of chromatin represses transcription throughout the quiescent cell genome.

ORGANISM(S): Saccharomyces cerevisiae

PROVIDER: GSE114566 | GEO | 2018/12/27

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Condensin-dependent chromatin condensation represses transcription globally during quiescence [Micro-C XL]

Project description:Quiescence is a stress-resistant state in which cells reversibly exit the mitotic cell cycle and suspend most cellular processes. Quiescence is essential for stem cell maintenance and its misregulation is implicated in tumor formation. One of the conserved hallmarks of quiescent cells, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to humans, is highly condensed chromatin. Here, we use Micro-C XL to map chromatin contacts at single-nucleosome resolution genome-wide to elucidate mechanisms and functions of condensed chromatin in quiescent S. cerevisiae cells. We describe previously uncharacterized chromatin domains on the order of 10-60 kilobases that in quiescent cells are formed by condensin-mediated chromatin loops. Conditional depletion of condensin prevents chromatin condensation during quiescence entry and leads to widespread transcriptional de-repression. We further demonstrate that condensin-dependent chromatin compaction is conserved in quiescent human fibroblasts. We propose that condensin-dependent condensation of chromatin represses transcription throughout the quiescent cell genome.

2018-12-27 | GSE120605 | GEO

Condensin-dependent chromatin condensation represses transcription globally during quiescence

Project description:Condensin-dependent chromatin condensation represses transcription globally during quiescence

| PRJNA493737 | ENA

Condensin-dependent chromatin condensation represses transcription globally during quiescence [ChIP-Seq]

Project description:Condensin-dependent chromatin condensation represses transcription globally during quiescence [ChIP-Seq]

| PRJNA471802 | ENA

Condensin-dependent chromatin condensation represses transcription globally during quiescence [Micro-C XL]

Project description:Condensin-dependent chromatin condensation represses transcription globally during quiescence [Micro-C XL]

| PRJNA493742 | ENA

THE SPATIAL REGULATION OF CONDENSIN ACTIVITY IN CHROMOSOME CONDENSATION

Project description:Condensin mediates chromosome condensation, which is essential for proper chromosome segregation during mitosis. Prior to anaphase of budding yeast, the ribosomal DNA (RDN) condenses to a thin loop that is distinct from the rest of the chromosomes. We provide evidence that the establishment and maintenance of this RDN condensation require the regulation of condensin by Cdc5p (polo) kinase. We show that Cdc5p is recruited to the site of condensin binding in the RDN by cohesin, a complex related to condensin. Cdc5p and cohesin prevent condensin from misfolding the RDN into an irreversibly decondensed state. From these and other observations, we propose that the spatial regulation of Cdc5p by cohesin modulates condensin activity to ensure proper RDN folding into a thin loop. This mechanism may be evolutionarily conserved, promoting the thinly condensed constrictions that occur at centromeres and RDN of mitotic chromosomes in plants and animals.

2020-05-03 | GSE147290 | GEO

Identification of a novel Bromodomain / Casein Kinase II / TAF-containing complex as a regulator of mitotic condensin function

Project description:ABSTRACT: Condensin is a central regulator of mitotic genome structure, with mutants showing poorly condensed chromosomes and profound segregation defects. Here we identify the fission yeast NCT complex, comprising the Nrc1 BET-family tandem bromodomain protein (SPAC631.02), Casein Kinase II (CKII) and several TAFs, as a novel regulator of condensin function (where NCT mutants restore the formation of segregation-competent chromosomes in cells containing defective condensin). Synchronous ChIP-seq shows that NCT and condensin bind similar genomic regions, but only briefly co-localize during the periods of chromosome condensation and decondensation. These results are consistent with a model where NCT targets CKII to chromatin in a cell cycle-directed manner to modulate the activity of condensin during chromosome condensation and decondensation. DATA: Study includes ChIP-seq of fission yeast H3-K4Me3, H3-K36Me3, TBP, Taf7, Nrc1, Cka1 from aynchronous cells; Nrc1 and Cut3 (representing condensin) from four synchronized cell-cycle stages estimated as G2/M, Metaphase, Anaphase and G1/S.

2014-01-10 | E-GEOD-53955 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Condensin-mediated remodeling of the mitotic chromatin landscape in fission yeast

Project description:Chromatin fibres dynamically change their organisation during cell cycle. In interphase nucleus, chromatin fibres are evenly distributed whereas their spatial occupancy are reorganised to form condensed chromosomes in mitosis. This process called chromosome condensation is necessary for an accomplishment of faithful chromosome segregation. One of the Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes complexes, Condensin, is indispensable for chromosome condensation. It remains, however, unknown how Condensin plays its role in shaping mitotic chromosome. Here we show that chromatin fibres change their interacting partners; short-range contacts in interphase nucleus are converted into long-range interactions to shape condensed chromosomes. This conversion of interactions among chromatin fibres results in the formation of larger domains within mitotic chromosomes. Condensin is solely in charge of the conversion and large domain formation in fission yeast mitosis. Our results show how fission yeast Condensin is involved in shaping mitotic chromosomes.

2017-07-13 | GSE94475 | GEO

Condensin-mediated remodeling of the mitotic chromatin landscape in fission yeast

2017-07-13 | GSE94474 | GEO

Distinct Roles for Condensin's Two ATPase Sites in Chromosome Condensation.

Project description:Condensin is a conserved SMC complex that uses its ATPase machinery to structure genomes, but how it does so is largely unknown. We show that condensin’s ATPase has a dual role in chromosome condensation. Mutation of one ATPase site impairs condensation, while mutating the second site results in hyperactive condensin that compacts DNA faster than wild type, both in vivo and in vitro. Whereas one site drives loop formation, the second site is involved in the formation of more stable higher-order Z loop structures. Using hyperactive condensin I, we reveal that condensin II is not intrinsically needed for the shortening of mitotic chromosomes. Condensin II rather is required for a straight chromosomal axis and enables faithful chromosome segregation by counteracting the formation of ultrafine DNA bridges. SMC complexes with distinct roles for each ATPase site likely reflect a universal principle that enables these molecular machines to intricately control chromosome architecture.

2019-10-16 | GSE108774 | GEO

A screen for histone mutations that affect quiescence in S. cerevisiae.

Project description:Quiescence is a distinct cell cycle phase, termed G0, in which growth, transcription, translation, and replication are suppressed. Yeast cells enter G0 following glucose exhaustion but remain viable for an extended period and can re-enter the cell cycle when returned to glucose-rich medium. Quiescence is a feature of all organisms and is essential for the maintenance of stem cells and tissue renewal. Quiescence is also related to chronological lifespan (CLS) - or the capacity of post-mitotic quiescent cells to survive over time - and thus contributes to longevity. However, important questions remain to be answered regarding the mechanisms that control entry into quiescence, the maintenance of quiescence, and the re-entry of quiescent cells into the cell cycle. Histone acetylation is lost during the formation of quiescent yeast cells, and chromatin becomes highly condensed. This unique chromatin landscape plays a key role in supporting quiescence-specific transcriptional repression and has been linked to the formation and maintenance of quiescent cells. To ask if other chromatin features regulate quiescence, we conducted a comprehensive screen of histone H3 and H4 mutants. We identified several mutants that show altered quiescence entry and have characterized their chromatin phenotypes. None of these mutants retain histone acetylation, while several have altered chromatin condensation. Additionally, a screen for H3 and H4 mutants with altered chronological lifespan showed that CLS is highly correlated with quiescence entry.

2023-03-01 | GSE210305 | GEO

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