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Comprehensive analysis of small RNAs reveals insight into the tolerance of Ziyang xiangcheng (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) to alkaline stress

ABSTRACT: Alkaline stress has serious negative effects on citrus production. Ziyang xiangcheng (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) (Cj) has been reported to be a rootstock that is tolerant to alkaline stress and iron deficiency. Poncirus trifoliata (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) (Pt), the most widely used rootstock in China, is sensitive to alkaline stress. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the tolerance of Cj to alkaline stress, next-generation sequencing was employed to profile the root transcriptomes and small RNAs of Cj and Pt seedlings which were cultured in nutrient solution with three gradient pH. This two-regulation level data set provides a system-level view of molecular events with precise resolution. The data suggest that the auxin pathway may play a central role in inhibitory effect of alkaline stress on root growth, and the regulation of auxin homeostasis under alkaline stress was important for citrus adapting to alkaline stress. Moreover, the JA pathway shown an opposite response to alkaline stress in Cj and Pt may contributes to the differentials of root system architecture and iron deficiency tolerance between Cj and Pt. The data set provides a wealth of genomic resources and new clues for further studying the mechanisms underlying Cj that resist alkaline stress.

ORGANISM(S): Citrus junos Citrus trifoliata

PROVIDER: GSE115049 | GEO | 2019/03/18

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Citrus and most other fruit crops are commercially propagated via grafting, which ensures trees have consistent fruit traits combined with favorable traits from the rootstock such as soil adaptability, vigor, and resistance to soil pathogens. Breeding new rootstocks requires careful agronomic evaluations, and widespread use of new rootstocks and scions requires graft compatibility with commercially important scions and rootstocks. Graft incompatibility can occur when the scion and rootstock are not able to form a permanent, healthy union. Understanding and preventing graft incompatibility is therefore of paramount importance in the breeding of new fruit cultivars and in the choice of scion and rootstock by growers. The rootstock US-1283 is a citrandarin generated from a cross of ‘Ninkat’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata) and ‘Gotha Road’ #6 trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata). It was released in 2014 after years of field evaluation because of its superior productivity and good fruit quality on ‘Hamlin’ sweet orange (C. sinensis) under Florida’s growing conditions. Subsequently, it was observed that trees of ‘Bearss’ lemon (C. limon) and ‘Valencia’ sweet orange (C. sinensis) grafted onto US-1283 exhibited apparent incompatible and unhealthy growth near the graft union. The incompatibility manifested as stem grooving and necrosis underneath the bark on the rootstock side of the graft. A genetically similar citrandarin rootstock, US-812 (C. reticulata ‘Sunki’ × P. trifoliata ‘Benecke’), is fully graft compatible with the same scions. Transcriptome analysis was performed on the vascular tissues above and below the graft union of compatible US-812 and incompatible US-1283 graft combinations with ‘Bearss’ and ‘Valencia’ to identify expression networks associated with incompatibility and help understand the processes and potential causes of incompatibility in citrus. Transcriptional reprogramming was stronger in the incompatible rootstock than in the grafted scions. Functional analysis of the transcriptional events below the graft unions of US-1283 incompatible combinations revealed differentially expression genes (DEGs) associated with oxidative stress and plant defense, among other pathways, similar to a pathogen-induced immune response localized to the rootstock, although no known pathogens were detected in the assayed plants. These changes were not observed above the graft unions.Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in US-1283, but not the scions, were associated with oxidative stress and plant defense, among others, similar to a pathogen-induced immune response localized to the rootstock. No pathogen infection was detected. It is hypothesized this response could have been triggered by signaling miscommunications between rootstock and scion either through 1) unknown molecules from the scion that were perceived as danger signals by the rootstock, 2) missing signals from the scion or missing receptors in the rootstock necessary for the formation of a healthy graft union, 3) the overall perception of the scion by the rootstock as non-self, or 4) a combination of the above.

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Comprehensive analysis of small RNAs reveals insight into the tolerance of Ziyang xiangcheng (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) to alkaline stress

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