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Pre-marked chromatin and transcription factor co-binding shape the pioneering activity of Foxa2 [RNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: Pioneer transcription factors (PTF) can recognize their binding sites on nucleosomal DNA and trigger chromatin opening for recruitment of other non-pioneer transcription factors. However, critical properties of PTFs are still poorly understood, such as how can these transcription factors selectively recognize cell type-specific binding sites and under which conditions can they initiate chromatin remodelling. Here we show that early endoderm binding sites of the paradigm PTF Foxa2 are epigenetically primed by low levels of active chromatin modifications in embryonic stem cells (ESC). Priming of these binding sites is supported by preferential recruitment of Foxa2 to endoderm binding sites compared to lineage-inappropriate binding sites, when ectopically expressed in ESCs. We further show that binding of Foxa2 is required for chromatin opening during endoderm differentiation. However, increased chromatin accessibility was only detected on binding sites which are synergistically bound with other endoderm transcription factors. Thus, our data suggest that binding site selection of PTFs is directed by the chromatin environment and that chromatin opening requires collaboration of PTFs with additional transcription factors.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE116259 | GEO | 2019/07/26

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Pre-marked chromatin and transcription factor co-binding shape the pioneering activity of Foxa2 [MeDIP-seq]

Project description:Pioneer transcription factors (PTF) can recognize their binding sites on nucleosomal DNA and trigger chromatin opening for recruitment of other non-pioneer transcription factors. However, critical properties of PTFs are still poorly understood, such as how can these transcription factors selectively recognize cell type-specific binding sites and under which conditions can they initiate chromatin remodelling. Here we show that early endoderm binding sites of the paradigm PTF Foxa2 are epigenetically primed by low levels of active chromatin modifications in embryonic stem cells (ESC). Priming of these binding sites is supported by preferential recruitment of Foxa2 to endoderm binding sites compared to lineage-inappropriate binding sites, when ectopically expressed in ESCs. We further show that binding of Foxa2 is required for chromatin opening during endoderm differentiation. However, increased chromatin accessibility was only detected on binding sites which are synergistically bound with other endoderm transcription factors. Thus, our data suggest that binding site selection of PTFs is directed by the chromatin environment and that chromatin opening requires collaboration of PTFs with additional transcription factors.

2019-07-26 | GSE116261 | GEO

Pre-marked chromatin and transcription factor co-binding shape the pioneering activity of Foxa2 [RNA-seq low input]

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Pre-marked chromatin and transcription factor co-binding shape the pioneering activity of Foxa2 [ChIP-seq Transcription Factors]

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Promoter DNA sequence guides factors that position the +1 nucleosome and facilitate TBP binding [sequencing]

Project description:Here we present evidence that precise positioning of the +1 promoter nucleosome in yeast is critical for efficient TBP binding and pre-initiation complex assembly, and is determined, at least in part, by the action of two key factors, the essential chromatin remodeler RSC and one (or more) of a small set of ubiquitous pioneer transcription factors (PTFs). Despite their widespread co-localization, we show that RSC and PTFs often act independently to generate accessible chromatin. Furthermore, we present evidence that RSC binding, as well as the strength and directionality of its action on nucleosomes, depends upon the arrangement of two specific DNA motifs relative to nearby PTF binding sites. Our results provide insights into how promoter DNA sequence instructs trans-acting factors to precisely control nucleosome architecture and stimulate transcription initiation.

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Promoter DNA sequence guides factors that position the +1 nucleosome and facilitate TBP binding [array]

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Genome-wide maps of Foxa2 binding sites in mouse embryonic stem cell-derived definitive endoderm cells

Project description:Foxa2 is required for endoderm differentiation into hepatic lineage. The mechanism of activation for Foxa2 during this developmental process has not been elucidated yet. We established an in vitro system to guide ES cells differentiating into definitive endoderm (DE) cells and the following DE cells to early hepatic cells. ChIP-seq assays have been successfully performed to assess Foxa2 binding profile. Over 50% of Foxa2 target genes in DE cells were found being activated in hepatic cells which were at a stage later than DE stage. Therefore, our finding at genome-wide level proved Foxa2 serving as a pioneer factor at DE stage. Furthermore, Foxa2 could specifically induce H3K4me2 modifications to the promoter/enhancer regions of many hepatic genes to pre-mark the chromatin, and determine the hepatic lineage differentiation competence. Our study illustrated the wide existence of Foxa2M-bM-^@M-^Ys pioneer factor function and uncovered the correlation between pioneer factor and chromatin pre-mark. These findings will be helpful for understanding the developmental process of hepatogenesis and efficiently controlling Foxa2 during hepatic induction for generating functional hepatocytes. Examination of Foxa2 binding sites in mESC-derived DE cells

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The Nucleosome Map of the Mammalian Liver

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Project description:Background and Aims: The forkhead box A (FOXA) family of pioneer transcription factors is critical for the development of many endoderm-derived tissues including the lung and the liver. Here we investigate the role of FOXA2 in regulating intestinal epithelial cell function. Methods: ChIP-seq was used to identify FOXA2 binding sites genome-wide. Targets of FOXA2 were validated using ChIP-qPCR and siRNA-mediated depletion of FOXA1/2 followed by RT-qPCR. A luciferase-based assay was used to measure intracellular cAMP after FOXA1/2 modulation.Results: Peaks of FOXA2 occupancy were frequent at loci contributing to gene ontology pathways of regulation of cell migration, cell motion, and plasma membrane function. Depletion of both FOXA1 and FOXA2 led to a significant reduction in the expression of multiple transmembrane proteins including ion transporters. One of the targets was the adenosine A2B receptor, and reduced receptor mRNA levels were associated with a functional decrease in intracellular cAMP. We also observed that 30% of FOXA2 binding sites contained a GATA motif and that FOXA1/A2 depletion reduced GATA-4, but not GATA-6 protein levels. Conclusions: These data show that FOXA2 plays a critical role in regulating intestinal epithelial cell function. FOXA2 depletion affects the expression of ion transporters and other transmembrane proteins, which form a network essential for maintaining normal ion and solute transport. Moreover, we show that the FOXA and GATA families of transcription factors may work cooperatively to regulate gene expression genome-wide. To determine the role of FOXA2 in regulating gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells, ChIP-seq was performed for FOXA2 in Caco2 (colorectal adenocarcinoma) cells.

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