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DNA methylation profiling across six histological states of prostate cancer

ABSTRACT: In spite of its prevalence as one of the world’s leading malignancies, prostate cancer (PCa) continues to evade molecular taxonomic sub-classification. However, gross clinical differences are observed within the umbrella term ‘prostate adenocarcinoma’; the majority of tumors appear indolent in nature, whilst a subset manifest aggressively. Contributing factors towards this resistance to molecular classification are an atypically low mutation frequency and a poorly delineated pathobiology. Conversely, epigenetic changes are evidenced to be amongst the earliest and most-widespread aberrations in PCa . We thus hypothesized that delineating epigenomic alterations during the stepwise progression of PCa would improve our understanding of the disease pathobiology and the molecular underpinning of indolent and aggressive tumors. Herein, we report the first epigenomic roadmap of prostate tumorigenesis, in which we dissected DNA methylation and microRNA expression in enriched epithelial cells across the entire trajectory of PCa, through tumor initiation, primary disease and metastatic dissemination. We provide evidence in support of proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) as a precursor lesion, distinct from high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and show that indolent and aggressive tumors display unique sets of epigenetically dysregulated loci, which we further investigated as potential discriminatory markers. This study also establishes the importance of DNA methylation beyond the gene promoter in human cancer, with pronounced intra- and inter-genic CpG methylation observed.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE116338 | GEO | 2021/06/25

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Detection of DNA hypermethylation has emerged as a novel molecular biomarker for the evaluation of prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis, but the use of single gene hypermethylation could produce unspecific results. Defining the specific gene hypermethylation profile for prostate cancer could provide groups of genes that specifically discriminate the patients with indolent and aggressive tumors. To compare the methylation profile of normal and malignant prostate we performed Genome-wide methylation analysis on 83 tumor samples, that included all clinical stages of the disease, 10 normal prostate samples and LNCaP, DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines using the GoldenGate Methylation Cancer Panel I (Illumina, Inc.) that interrogate for 1505 CpGs. We found 41 genes significantly hypermethylated in more than 20% of the tumors analyzed (p<0.01). Of these we identified GSTM2 and PENK as novel hypermethylated genes in prostate cancer that were simultaneously methylated in 40.9% of the tumors analyzed. We also identified panels of genes more frequently methylated in tumor samples with clinico-pathological indicators of poor prognosis: high Gleason score, elevated Ki-67 or advanced disease. Of these, we found that simultaneous hypermethylation of CFTR and HTR1B is common in patients with high Gleason score and high ki-67 levels and might signal the population at higher risk of therapeutic failure. DNA hypermethylation profile was associated with cancer-specific mortality (log-rank, p=0.007) and biochemical recurrence-free survival (log-rank, p=0.0008). In conclusion, our data strongly indicate that epigenetic silencing of GSTM2 and PENK is a common event in prostate cancer that could be used as a molecular marker for prostate cancer diagnosis. In addition, simultaneous HTR1B and CFTR hypermethylation could help discriminate aggressive from indolent prostate tumors.A DNA hypermethylation profile associated with cancer-specific mortality and biochemical recurrence in patients receiving radical prostatectomy is presented. GST2 and PENK are new hipermethylated genes identified. Simultaneous hypermethylation of CFTR and HTR1B could help discriminate aggressive disease.

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DNA methylation profiling across six histological states of prostate cancer

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