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Oligodendrocyte precursor differentiation and survival requires chromatin remodeling by Chd7 and Chd8 [ATAC-seq]

ABSTRACT: Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) constitute the main proliferative cells in the adult brain, and deregulation of OPC proliferation-differentiation balance results in either glioma formation or defective adaptive (re)myelination. OPC differentiation requires significant genetic reprogramming implicating chromatin remodeling. Here, we report on uncharacterized functions of the chromatin remodelers Chd7 and Chd8 in OPCs. Their OPC-chromatin-binding profile combined with transcriptome and open-chromatin analysis of Chd7-deleted OPCs, demonstrates that Chd7 controls OPC differentiation through chromatin-opening and transcriptional activation of key regulators such as Sox10, Nkx2.2 and Gpr17. Chd7 is however dispensable for oligodendrocyte stage progression, consistent with Chd8 compensatory function, as suggested by its chromatin binding profile. Furthermore, Chd7 protects non-proliferative OPCs from apoptosis by chromatin-closing and transcriptional repression of p53. Mutations in CHD7 and CHD8 are associated with developmental disorders, such as CHARGE syndrome and autism respectively, and our results offer new avenues to understand and modulate their functions in disease.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE116598 | GEO | 2018/08/29

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Oligodendrocyte precursor differentiation and survival requires chromatin remodeling by Chd7 and Chd8 [RNA-seq]

Project description:Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) constitute the main proliferative cells in the adult brain, and deregulation of OPC proliferation-differentiation balance results in either glioma formation or defective adaptive (re)myelination. OPC differentiation requires significant genetic reprogramming implicating chromatin remodeling. Mounting evidence indicates that chromatin remodelers play important roles during normal development and their mutations are associated with neurodevelopmental defects, with CHD7 haploinsuficiency being the cause of CHARGE syndrome and CHD8 being one of the strongest Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) high-risk associated genes. Here, we report on uncharacterized functions of the chromatin remodelers Chd7 and Chd8 in OPCs. Their OPC-chromatin-binding profile combined with transcriptome and chromatin accessibility analyses of Chd7-deleted OPCs, demonstrates that Chd7 protects non-proliferative OPCs from apoptosis by chromatin-closing and transcriptional repression of p53. Furthermore, Chd7 controls OPC differentiation through chromatin-opening and transcriptional activation of key regulators, including Sox10, Nkx2.2 and Gpr17. Chd7 is however dispensable for oligodendrocyte stage progression, consistent with Chd8 compensatory function, as suggested by their common chromatin binding profiles and genetic interaction. Finally, CHD7 and CHD8 bind in OPCs to a majority of ASD-risk associated genes, suggesting an implication of oligodendrocyte lineage cells in ASD neurological defects. Our results thus offer new avenues to understand and modulate the CHD7 and CHD8 functions in normal development and disease.

2018-08-29 | GSE116600 | GEO

Oligodendrocyte precursor differentiation and survival requires chromatin remodeling by Chd7 and Chd8 [ChIP-seq]

2018-08-29 | GSE116599 | GEO

Expression profiles in Chd7 knockdown oligodendrocyte precursor cells

Project description:Oligodendrocytes are generated from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Chd7 is ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling enzyme. We performed microarray analysis to examine changes in gene expression between control and Chd7 knockdown OPCs. Results provide insight into the function of Chd7 in oligodendrocyte development.

2018-03-01 | GSE95347 | GEO

Gene expression analysis after GPR17 silencing in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs)

Project description:GPR17 silencing in OPCs accelerates their differentiation into fully mature oligodendrocytes. We performed a whole microarray profiling to identify altered signaling pathways after GPR17 silencing that are responsible for its effect on oligodendrocyte maturation.

2022-08-03 | GSE208409 | GEO

Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Transcriptome in White Matter Stroke

Project description:Tissue progenitors maintain the integrity of organ systems through aging and stress. The brain’s white matter regions experience ischemic lesions and age-dependent degeneration. Brain white matter contains progenitors, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which can repair some insults. The response of OPCs to white matter ischemia and aging is not known. We characterized the response of OPCs to white matter stroke using OPC reporter mice, cell migration tracking, OPC specific RNA sequencing, and mechanistic studies in candidate biochemical pathways in the aged brain. White matter stroke induces initial proliferation of local OPCs but blocks differentiation, shunting a portion into astrocytes. Candidate signaling pathways for this differentiation block including novel interactions of inhibin and matrilin-2 and new roles of NgR1 ligands following white matter stroke. Stroke induces inhibin expression in astrocytes and downregulates OPC matrilin-2 that contributes into OPC differentiation block. Antagonism of NgR1 ligands promotes OPC differentiation by attenuating the OPC astrocytic transformation and enhances functional recovery from stroke in aged animals.

2019-11-15 | GSE53737 | GEO

Oligodendrocyte precursor differentiation and survival requires chromatin remodeling by Chd7 and Chd8

Project description:Oligodendrocyte precursor differentiation and survival requires chromatin remodeling by Chd7 and Chd8

| PRJNA479472 | ENA

Single-cell sequencing of PDGFRα-expressing cells in the adult mouse brain.

Project description:Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are a mitotically active population of glia that comprise approximately 5% of the adult brain. OPCs maintain their proliferative capacity and ability to differentiate in oligodendrocytes throughout adulthood, but relatively few mature oligodendrocytes are produced following developmental myelination. Recent work has begun to demonstrate that OPCs likely perform multiple functions in both homeostasis and disease, and can significantly impact behavioral phenotypes such as food intake and depressive symptoms. However, the exact mechanisms through which OPCs might influence brain function remains unclear. In this work, we demonstrate that OPCs are transcriptionally diverse and separate into three distinct populations in the homeostatic brain. These three groups show distinct transcriptional signatures and enrichment of biological processes unique to individual OPC populations. We have validated these OPC populations using multiple methods, including multiplex RNA in situ hybridization and RNA flow cytometry. This study provides an important resource that profiles the transcriptome of adult OPCs and will provide a significant foundation for further investigation into novel OPC functions.

2020-03-17 | GSE147075 | GEO

Genome-wide disclosure of the Nkx2.2 targets in oligodendrocytes and their progenitor cells suggests several novel target genes

Project description:The Nkx2.2 transcription factor contributes to regulate the timing of myelination in the CNS. Still, information about the regulon of Nkx2.2 in oligodendrocytes (Ols) and their progenitor cells (OPCs) is restricted to a few genes. Therefore we aimed to identify the entire regulon of Nkx2.2. We performed transcript profiling of postnatal Nkx2.2-/- mice, investigated the expression of selected transcripts in Ol lineage cells after siRNA induced Nkx2.2 knock-down, and identified the genome-wide active Nkx2.2 binding sites in murine OPCs and Ols by use of ChIP-sequencing technique. Thereby we have found 521 genes with active Nkx2.2 binding sites within 10,000 bp of their gene loci that furthermore are differently expressed in absence or lower expression of Nkx2.2. Functionally, the target genes are associated with mitosis, migration stop, protein transport, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, formation of Ca2+ waves, and WNT signalling. Furthermore, motif discovery techniques and tests for overlaps between sequencing reads suggest that MYRF, OLIG2, SOX10, and TCF3 interact or compete with Nkx2.2 in OPCs/Ols. However, the activator versus repressor activity of Nkx2.2 does not seem to depend on the potential interaction with either of the transcription factors. Test for overlaps with sites of specific histone 3 modifications show that the Nkx2.2 binding sites are more frequently associated H3K4me3 and H3K27ac in genes to which Nkx2.2 may act as an activator. This supports previous studies showing that Nkx2.2 acts in a HDAC1 dependent way. Together this provides new insight into how Nkx2.2 contributes to the timing of OPC differentiation and myelination in CNS.

2019-11-01 | GSE73921 | GEO

Genome-wide disclosure of the Nkx2.2 targets in oligodendrocytes and their progenitor cells suggests several novel target genes

2020-09-30 | GSE73664 | GEO

Candidate pathways for promoting differentiation and quiescence of oligodendrocyte progenitor-like cells in glioblastoma

Project description:The mature CNS contains PDGFRA+ ‘oligodendrocyte progenitor cells’ (OPC) which may remain quiescent, proliferate, or differentiate into oligodendrocytes. In human gliomas, rapidly proliferating Olig2+ cells resembling OPCs are frequently observed. We sought to identify, in vivo, candidate pathways uniquely required for OPC differentiation or quiescence. Using the bacTRAP methodology, we generated and analyzed mouse lines for translational profiling the major cells types (including OPCs), in the normal mouse brain. We then profiled oligodendoglial (Olig2+) cells from a mouse model of Pdgf-driven glioma. This analysis confirmed that Olig2+ tumor cells are most similar to OPCs, yet, it identified differences in key progenitor genes - candidates for promotion of differentiation or quiescence.

2012-10-04 | GSE30626 | GEO

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