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A generally conserved response to hypoxia in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from humans and chimpanzees

ABSTRACT: Despite anatomical similarities, there are differences in susceptibility to cardiovascular disease (CVD) between primates; humans are prone to myocardial ischemia, while chimpanzees are prone to myocardial fibrosis. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) allow for direct inter-species comparisons of the gene regulatory response to CVD-relevant perturbations such as oxygen deprivation, a consequence of ischemia. To gain insight into the evolution of disease susceptibility, we characterized gene expression levels in iPSC-CMs in humans and chimpanzees, before and after hypoxia and re-oxygenation. The transcriptional response to hypoxia is generally conserved across species, yet we were able to identify hundreds of species-specific regulatory responses including in genes previously associated with CVD. The 1,920 genes that respond to hypoxia in both species are enriched for loss-of-function intolerant genes; but are depleted for expression quantitative trait loci and cardiovascular-related genes. Our results indicate that response to hypoxic stress is highly conserved in humans and chimpanzees.

ORGANISM(S): Pan troglodytes Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE117192 | GEO | 2019/04/10

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) affects up to 10% of pregnancies and often results in short- and long- term sequelae for offspring, including risk for adult cardiovascular disease (CVD). The mechanisms underlying IUGR are poorly understood, though poor blood flow and oxygen/nutrient provision to the IUGR fetus are thought to be the common endpoints of disease. Though several animal models of IUGR exist, few demonstrate later phenotypes of CVD despite a large body of evidence in humans linking IUGR and adult CVD onset. We thus hypothesized that in murine pregnancy, maternal late gestational hypoxia (LG-H) exposure resulting in IUGR would result in (1) adult phenotypes of CVD in hypoxia-exposed offspring, and (2) the placental transcriptome will demonstrate alterations that can be linked to risk of later disease. After subjecting pregnant mice to hypoxia (10.5% oxygen) from gestational day (GD) 14.5 to 18.5, we collected placentas at GD19. We examined RNA isolated from these placentas to perform RNA sequencing and analysis. Functional gene and cluster-based analysis suggest multiple changes in structural and functional genes important for placental health, with the top dysregulation involving vascular and metabolic pathways. Concordantly, a ~ 10% decrease in birthweights and ~30% decrease in litter size after LG-H (p<0.05) was observed, suggesting an environment of placental insufficiency. We also found that offspring exposed in-utero to LG-H exhibit CVD at 4 months of age, with males being worse than females, supporting developmental programming. Specifically, males exhibit increased body weight and an enlarged heart size, whereas both males and females develop hypertension, elevated abdominal fat, elevated leptin and elevated total cholesterol levels with aging. In summary, LG-H exposure in the pregnant mouse mimics human placental insufficiency related IUGR. The placentas of these exposed fetuses demonstrate a transcriptional response to the stressor of gestational hypoxia and predicts cardiovascular and metabolic effects that culminate into hypertension and adiposity with dyslipidemia.

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A generally conserved response to hypoxia in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from humans and chimpanzees

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