Similar Datasets
Project description:Among mammals, only primates including human possess a small central retinal region called the fovea, which mediates high acuity vision. As other mammals lack a fovea, molecular bases of its specialized function and dysfunction in retinal diseases remain poorly understood. By analyzing >165,000 single-cell transcriptomes from macaque fovea and peripheral retina, we identified and molecularly characterized >60 major cell types in each region. A few cell types are unique to each region, and there are also substantial differences in proportions and gene expression between corresponding types in the two areas, some of which can be related to functional differences. Comparison of macaque and mouse retinal taxonomies reveals both similarities and differences between species. Many molecular features of macaque retinal cell types are conserved in two other primates, marmosets and humans, and key human retinal disease-associated genes are expressed in specific macaque cell types
2019-02-06 | GSE118852 | GEO
Project description:Among mammals, only primates including human possess a small central retinal region called the fovea, which mediates high acuity vision. As other mammals lack a fovea, molecular bases of its specialized function and dysfunction in retinal diseases remain poorly understood. By analyzing >165,000 single-cell transcriptomes from macaque fovea and peripheral retina, we identified and molecularly characterized >60 major cell types in each region. A few cell types are unique to each region, and there are also substantial differences in proportions and gene expression between corresponding types in the two areas, some of which can be related to functional differences. Comparison of macaque and mouse retinal taxonomies reveals both similarities and differences between species. Many molecular features of macaque retinal cell types are conserved in two other primates, marmosets and humans, and key human retinal disease-associated genes are expressed in specific macaque cell types
2019-02-06 | GSE118546 | GEO
Project description:Molecular specification of cell types underlying central and peripheral vision in primates
| PRJNA485982 | ENA
Project description:Molecular specification of cell types underlying central and peripheral vision in primates (macaque peripheral single cell RNA-seq)
| PRJNA487077 | ENA
Project description:Molecular specification of cell types underlying central and peripheral vision in primates (macaque fovea single cell RNA-seq)
| PRJNA485985 | ENA
Project description:The role of postnatal experience in sculpting cortical circuitry, while long appreciated, is poorly understood at the level of cell types. We explore this in the mouse primary visual cortex (V1) using single-nucleus RNA sequencing, visual deprivation, genetics, and functional imaging. We find that vision selectively drives the specification of glutamatergic cell types in upper layers (L) (L2/3/4), while deeper-layer glutamatergic, GABAergic, and non-neuronal cell types are established prior to eye opening. L2/3 cell types form an experience-dependent spatial continuum defined by the graded expression of ∼200 genes, including regulators of cell adhesion and synapse formation. One of these genes, Igsf9b, a vision-dependent gene encoding an inhibitory synaptic cell adhesion molecule, is required for the normal development of binocular responses in L2/3. In summary, vision preferentially regulates the development of upper-layer glutamatergic cell types through the regulation of cell-type-specific gene expression programs.
| S-EPMC8813006 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Two types of photoreceptors in the human retina support vision across a wide range of luminances: cones are active under bright daylight illumination (photopic viewing) and rods under dim illumination at night (scotopic viewing). These photoreceptors are distributed inhomogeneously across the retina [1]: cone-receptor density peaks at the center of the visual field (i.e., the fovea) and declines toward the periphery, allowing for high-acuity vision at the fovea in daylight. Rod receptors are absent from the fovea, leading to a functional foveal scotoma in night vision. In order to make optimal perceptual decisions, the visual system requires knowledge about its own properties and the relative reliability of signals arriving from different parts of the visual field [2]. Since cone and rod signals converge on the same pathways [3], and their cortical processing is similar except for the foveal scotoma [4], it is unclear if humans can take into account the differences between scotopic and photopic vision when making perceptual decisions. Here, we show that the scotopic foveal scotoma is filled in with information from the immediate surround and that humans trust this inferred information more than veridical information from the periphery of the visual field. We observed a similar preference under daylight illumination, indicating that humans have a default preference for information from the fovea even if this information is not veridical, like in night vision. This suggests that filling-in precedes the estimation of confidence, thereby shielding awareness from the foveal scotoma with respect to its contents and its properties.
| S-EPMC6453110 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The role of postnatal experience in sculpting cortical circuitry, while long appreciated, is poorly understood at the level of cell types. We explore this in the mouse primary visual cortex (V1) using single-nucleus RNA-sequencing, visual deprivation, genetics, and functional imaging. We find that vision selectively drives the specification of glutamatergic cell types in upper layers (L) (L2/3/4), while deeper-layer glutamatergic, GABAergic, and non-neuronal cell types are established prior to eye opening. L2/3 cell types form an experience-dependent spatial continuum defined by the graded expression of ~200 genes, including regulators of cell adhesion and synapse formation. One of these, Igsf9b, a vision-dependent gene encoding an inhibitory synaptic cell adhesion molecule, is required for the normal development of binocular responses in L2/3. In summary, vision preferentially regulates the development of upper-layer glutamatergic cell types through the regulation of cell type-specific gene expression programs.
2021-12-27 | GSE190940 | GEO
Project description:We used a letter transposition (LT) technique to investigate letter position coding during reading in central and peripheral vision. Eighteen subjects read aloud sentences in a rapid serial visual presentation task. The tests contained a baseline and three LT conditions with initial, internal, and final transpositions (e.g., "reading" to "erading", "raeding", and "readign"). The four reading conditions were tested in separate blocks. We found that LT had a smaller cost on peripheral (10° lower field) than on central reading speed, possibly due to the higher intrinsic position uncertainty of letters in the periphery. The pattern of cost (initial > final > internal) was the same for central and peripheral vision, indicating a similar lexical route for both. In the periphery, LT only affected transposed words, while in central vision it also affected untransposed words. This spread of the LT effect in central vision could not be accounted for by increased attention or memory load, or by decreased sentence context.
| S-EPMC6440549 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The perception of motion is considered critical for performing everyday tasks, such as locomotion and driving, and relies on different levels of visual processing. However, it is unclear whether healthy aging differentially affects motion processing at specific levels of processing, or whether performance at central and peripheral spatial eccentricities is altered to the same extent. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of aging on hierarchically different components of motion processing: the minimum displacement of dots to perceive motion (Dmin), the minimum contrast and speed to determine the direction of motion, spatial surround suppression of motion, global motion coherence (translational and radial), and biological motion. We measured motion perception in both central vision and at 15° eccentricity, comparing performance in 20 older (60-79 years) and 20 younger (19-34 years) adults. Older adults had significantly elevated thresholds, relative to younger adults, for motion contrast, speed, Dmin, and biological motion. The differences between younger and older participants were of similar magnitude in central and peripheral vision, except for surround suppression of motion, which was weaker in central vision for the older group, but stronger in the periphery. Our findings demonstrate that the effects of aging are not uniform across all motion tasks. Whereas the performance of some tasks in the periphery can be predicted from the results in central vision, the effects of age on surround suppression of motion shows markedly different characteristics between central and peripheral vision.
| S-EPMC7409591 | biostudies-literature