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Yap regulates glucose utilization and sustains nucleotide synthesis to enable organ growth

ABSTRACT: The Hippo pathway and its nuclear effector Yap regulate organ size and cancer formation. While many modulators of Hippo activity have been identified, little is known about how Yap target genes mediate these growth effects. Here, we show that defects in hepatic progenitor potential and liver growth in yap-/- mutant zebrafish are caused by impaired glucose transport and nucleotide biosynthesis: transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal that Yap directly regulates expression of glucose transporter glut1, causing decreased glycolytic flux into anabolic nucleotide biosynthesis in yap-/- mutants and impaired glucose tolerance in adults. Nucleotide supplementation improved Yap-deficient phenotypes, indicating functional importance of glucose-fuelled nucleotide biosynthesis. Yap-regulated Glut1 expression and glucose uptake are conserved in mammals. Our results identify Glut1 as a direct Yap target enhancing glucose uptake and utilization for anabolic nucleotide biosynthesis, which are required for organ growth. Our findings demonstrate the central role of Hippo signalling in metabolic homeostasis

ORGANISM(S): Danio rerio

PROVIDER: GSE119024 | GEO | 2018/08/25

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Regulation of organ size is important for development and tissue homeostasis. In Drosophila, Hippo signaling controls organ size by regulating the activity of a TEAD transcription factor, Scalloped, through modulation of its coactivator protein Yki. The role of mammalian Tead proteins in growth regulation, however, remains unknown. Here we examined the role of mouse Tead proteins in growth regulation. In NIH3T3 cells, cell density and Hippo signaling regulated the activity of Tead proteins by modulating nuclear localization of a Yki homologue, Yap, and the resulting change in Tead activity altered cell proliferation. Tead2-VP16 mimicked Yap overexpression, including increased cell proliferation, reduced cell death, promotion of EMT, lack of cell contact inhibition, and promotion of tumor formation. Growth promoting activities of various Yap mutants correlated with their Tead-coactivator activities. Tead2-VP16 and Yap regulated largely overlapping sets of genes. However, only a few of the Tead/Yapregulated genes in NIH3T3 cells were affected in Tead1-/-;Tead2-/- or Yap-/- embryos. Most of the previously identified Yap-regulated genes were not affected in NIH3T3 cells or mutant mice. In embryos, levels of nuclear Yap and Tead1 varied depending on cell types. Strong nuclear accumulation of Yap and Tead1 were seen in myocardium, correlating with requirements of Tead1 for proliferation. However, their distribution did not always correlate with proliferation. Taken together, mammalian Tead proteins regulate cell proliferation and contact inhibition as a transcriptional mediator of Hippo signaling, but the mechanisms by which Tead/Yap regulate cell proliferation differ depending on cell types, and Tead, Yap and Hippo signaling may play multiple roles in mouse embryos. We used microarrays to know the gene expression profiles regurated by Tead2-VP16, Tead2-EnR, Yap, and cell density in NIH3T3 cells. Keywords: Cell density, genetic modification Tead2-VP16-, Tead2-EnR-, Yap- and control vector-expressing cells were cultured at low or high density for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays.