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Differential gene expression differences between tolerant and susceptible avocado rootstocks in response to Rosellinia necatrix infection

ABSTRACT: Background: Rosellinia necatrix is the causal agent of avocado white root rot (WRR). Control of this soil-borne disease is difficult and tolerant rootstocks may represent an effective method to lessen its impact. To date, no studies on molecular mechanisms regulating the avocado plant response towards this pathogen have been undertaken. To shed light onto the mechanisms underpinning disease susceptibility and tolerance, molecular analysis of the gene's response of two contrasting-disease-reaction avocado rootstocks was assessed. Results: Gene expression profiles against R. necatrix were assessed in the susceptible 'Dusa' and the tolerant selection BG83 avocado genotypes by micro-array analysis. In 'Dusa', the early response is mainly related to redox processes and cell-wall degradation activities, all becoming more remarkable after disease progression affected photosynthetic capacity; whereas, tolerance to R. necatrix in BG83 relies on the induction of protease inhibitors and their negative regulators, as well as salt and osmotic stress related genes besides oxido-reduction processes. We identified three protease inhibitors, glu protease, trypsin and endopeptidase inhibitors, highly overexpressed in the tolerant genotype, when compared to susceptible 'Dusa', after infection with R. necatrix, reaching fold change values of 44, 34 and 16 respectively. Conclusions: The contrasting results between 'Dusa' and BG83 give new insights into the different mechanisms involved in the avocado tolerance to P. cinnamomi and R. necatrix, which are consistent with their biotrophic and necrotrophic lifestyles, respectively. The differential induction of genes involved in salt and osmotic stress in BG83 could indicate that R. necatrix penetration into the roots is associated with osmotic effects suggesting that BG83's tolerance to R. necatrix is related to the ability to withstand osmotic imbalance. In addition, the high expression of protease inhibitors in tolerant BG83 compared to susceptible 'Dusa' after infection with the pathogen, suggests the important role that these proteins could play in the defence of avocado rootstocks against R. necatrix.

ORGANISM(S): Persea americana

PROVIDER: GSE119140 | GEO | 2019/02/26

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Background: Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress factor that limit agricultural productivity worldwide, and this problem is expected to grow in the future. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important protein source in developing countries is highly susceptible to salt stress. To understand the underlying mechanism of salt stress responses, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and ion content analysis were utilized for response comparison of salt-tolerant and salt-susceptible common bean genotypes in saline conditions. Results: Transcriptome analysis has revealed that the tolerant genotype had increased photosynthesis in saline conditions while the susceptible genotype acted in a contrasting way. The chlorophyll content measurements have backed up this result with increase in tolerant and decrease in susceptible genotype. Transcriptome also displayed a more active carbon and amino acid metabolism for the tolerant genotype as well. Analysis of primary metabolites with GC-MS demonstrated the boosted carbohydrate metabolism in the tolerant genotype with increased sugar content as well as better amino-acid metabolism with the accumulation of glutamate and asparagine and hinted a lowered photorespiration level for the tolerant one. Accumulation of lysine, valine, and isoleucine in the roots of the susceptible genotype suggested a halted stress response pathway. According to ion content comparison, the tolerant genotype managed to block accumulation of Na+ in the leaves while accumulating significantly less Na+ in the roots compared to susceptible genotype. K+ levels increased in the leaves of both genotype and the roots of the susceptible one but dropped in the roots of the tolerant genotype. Additionally, Zn+2 and Mn+2 levels were also dropped in the tolerant roots, while Mo+2 levels were significantly higher in all tissues in both control and saline conditions for tolerant genotype. Conclusion:The results of the presented study have demonstrated the differences in contrasting genotypes and thus provide valuable information on the pivotal molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance mainly in common bean, but for all crops.

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Differential gene expression differences between tolerant and susceptible avocado rootstocks in response to Rosellinia necatrix infection

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