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Gene expression profiling of planarians after inhibition of hmcn-1

ABSTRACT: Inhibition of hemicentin-1, which encodes a highly conserved ECM glycoprotein specifically expressed in muscle, leads to aberrant localization of internal parenchymal cells, including planarian stem cells (neoblasts) and differentiated cells, between the outer epidermis and sub-epidermal muscle.

ORGANISM(S): Schmidtea mediterranea

PROVIDER: GSE119840 | GEO | 2019/03/08

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Identification of TOR-responsive slow-cycling neoblasts in planarians

Project description:Epimorphic regeneration commonly relies on the activation of quiescent stem cells to drive new cell production. The planarian Schmidtea mediterranea is among the best regenerators in nature, thanks to its large population of adult stem cells, called neoblasts. While neoblasts have long been known to drive regeneration, whether a subset of neoblasts is reserved for this purpose is unknown. Here, we revisited the idea of reserved neoblasts by approaching neoblast heterogeneity from a regulatory perspective. By implementing a new fluorescence-activated cell sorting strategy in planarians, we identified a population of neoblasts defined by low transcriptional activity. These RNAlow neoblasts are relatively slow-cycling at homeostasis and undergo a morphological regeneration response characterized by cell growth at 48 hours post-amputation. At this time, RNAlow neoblasts proliferated in a TOR-dependent manner. Additionally, knockdown of the tumour suppressor Lrig-1, which is enriched in RNAlow neoblasts, resulted in RNAlow neoblast growth and hyperproliferation at homeostasis, and ultimately delayed regeneration. We propose that slow-cycling RNAlow neoblasts represent a regeneration-reserved neoblast population.

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Planarians recruit piRNAs for mRNA turnover in adult stem cells

Project description:PIWI proteins utilize small RNAs called piRNAs to silence transposable elements, thereby protecting germline integrity. In planarian flatworms, PIWI proteins are essential for regeneration, which requires adult stem cells termed neoblasts. Here, we characterize planarian piRNAs and examine the roles of PIWI proteins in neoblast biology. We find that the planarian PIWI proteins SMEDWI-2 and SMEDWI-3 cooperate to degrade active transposons via the ping-pong cycle. Unexpectedly, we discover that SMEDWI-3 plays an additional role in planarian mRNA surveillance. While SMEDWI-3 degrades numerous neoblast mRNAs in a homotypic ping-pong cycle, it is also guided to another subset of neoblast mRNAs by antisense piRNAs and binds these without degrading them. Mechanistically, the distinct activities of SMEDWI-3 are primarily dictated by the degree of complementarity between target mRNAs and antisense piRNAs. Planarian PIWI proteins thus act as both nucleases and RNA-binding proteins, enabling planarians to repurpose piRNAs for critical roles in neoblast mRNA turnover.

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Egf signaling directs neoblast repopulation by regulating asymmetric cell division in planarians

Project description:The goal of this experiment is to identify target genes of Egf signaling which regulate recovery of the neoblast population following exposure to a sublethal dose of radiation. A large population of highly proliferative stem cells (neoblasts) is required for physiological tissue homeostasis and regeneration after injury in planarians. Recent studies indicate that survival of a few neoblasts after sublethal irradiation results in the clonal expansion of the surviving stem cells and the eventual restoration of tissue homeostasis and regenerative capacity. Many genes are known to be required for the normal function of neoblasts, but the precise mechanisms regulating the population dynamics of these adult pluripotent stem cells remain largely unknown. By coupling RNAi screening and sublethal irradiation, we uncovered a central role for Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) signaling during in vivo neoblast expansion mediated by Smed-egfr-3 (egfr-3) and its putative ligand Smed-neuregulin-7 (nrg-7). Furthermore, the EGFR-3 protein localizes asymmetrically on the cytoplasmic membrane of neoblasts and the ratio of asymmetric to symmetric cell divisions decreases significantly in egfr-3(RNAi) worms. Our results not only provide the first molecular evidence of asymmetric stem cell divisions in planarian, but also demonstrate that EGF signaling likely functions as an essential regulator of neoblast clonal expansion.

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Transcriptome analysis reveals strain-specific and conserved stemness genes in Schmidtea mediterranea

Project description:The transcriptome of the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea is not well characterized. We have used RNA-Seq to characterize the transcriptome in both sexual and asexual strains of S. mediterranea from both untreated and irradiated animals. Moreover, we have performed RNA-Seq on RNA purified from FACS sorted neoblasts and differentiated cells. Together these studies expand our understanding of the planarian transcriptome and have identified strain-specific, neoblast-specific, and conserved transcripts. RNA-Seq was performed on RNA isolated from untreated and irradiated S. mediterranea animals from both the sexual and asexual strains, on FACS purified X1 neoblasts, X2 neoblasts, and Xins differentiated cells. One of the raw data files for GSM847465 is missing. The fasta file is provided at http://genome.vcell.uchc.edu/GenomeData02/Graveley_Lab_Public_Data/Planarian/S.mediterranea_SexNIRmRNA3.fa.gz

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Gene Expression Profiles of Planarians after 6,000 Rads Irradiation

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2012-01-10 | E-GEOD-34969 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Single-cell analysis reveals prominent classes within the planarian stem cell compartment

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Project description:Planarian neoblasts are pluripotent, adult somatic stem cells and lineage-primed progenitors required for the production and maintenance of all differentiated cell types, including the germline. Neoblasts, originally defined by Harriet Randolph as undifferentiated, embryonic-like cells residing in the adult parenchyma, are frequently compared to embryonic stem cells yet their developmental origin remains obscure. We investigated the provenance of neoblasts during S. mediterranea embryogenesis, and report that neoblasts arise from an anarchic, cycling piwi-1+ population that is wholly responsible for production of all temporary and definitive organs during embryogenesis. Early embryonic piwi-1+ cells are molecularly and functionally distinct from neoblasts: they express unique cohorts of early embryo enriched transcripts and the cells behave differently than neoblasts in cell transplantation assays. Neoblast lineages, established as organogenesis commences, persist into adulthood, where they act as agents of tissue homeostasis and regeneration.

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Single-cell analysis reveals prominent classes within the planarian stem cell compartment

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