Glucocorticoid Exposure During Hippocampal Neurogenesis Primes Future Stress Response by Inducing Long-Lasting Changes in DNA Methylation
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE119847 | GEO | 2019/03/01
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Prenatal stress exposure is associated with the risk for psychiatric disorders later in life. This may be mediated via enhanced exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs), known to impact neurogenesis. We aimed to identify molecular mediators of these effects, focusing on long-lasting epigenetic changes. In a human hippocampal progenitor cell (HPC) line, we assessed the short- and long-term effects of GC exposure during neurogenesis on mRNA expression and DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles. GC exposure induced changes in DNAm at 27,812 CpG sites and in the expression of 3,857 transcripts at FDR ≤ 0.1 and an absolsute change in expression of 1.15. HPC gene expression and GC-affected DNAm profiles were enriched for changes observed during human fetal brain development. Differentially methylated sites (DMSs) with GC exposure clustered into four trajectories over HPC-differentiation, with transient as well as long-lasting DNAm changes. Lasting DMSs mapped to distinct functional pathways and were selectively enriched for poised and bivalent enhancer marks. Lasting DMSs had little correlation with lasting gene expression changes, but were associated with a significantly enhanced transcriptional response to a second acute GC challenge. A significant subset of lasting DMSs was also responsive to an acute GC-challenge in peripheral blood. These tissue-overlapping DMSs were used to compute a poly-epigenetic score that predicted exposure to conditions of excessive prenatal GC in newborn cord blood. Overall, our data suggest that early exposure to GCs can change the set point of future transcriptional responses to stress by inducing lasting DNAm changes. Such altered set points may relate to differential vulnerability to stress exposure later in life.
2019-03-01 | GSE119842 | GEO
Project description:Prenatal stress exposure is associated with the risk for psychiatric disorders later in life. This may be mediated via enhanced exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs), known to impact neurogenesis. We aimed to identify molecular mediators of these effects, focusing on long-lasting epigenetic changes. In a human hippocampal progenitor cell (HPC) line, we assessed the short- and long-term effects of GC exposure during neurogenesis on mRNA expression and DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles. GC exposure induced changes in DNAm at 27,812 CpG sites and in the expression of 3,857 transcripts at FDR ≤ 0.1 and an absolsute change in expression of 1.15. HPC gene expression and GC-affected DNAm profiles were enriched for changes observed during human fetal brain development. Differentially methylated sites (DMSs) with GC exposure clustered into four trajectories over HPC-differentiation, with transient as well as long-lasting DNAm changes. Lasting DMSs mapped to distinct functional pathways and were selectively enriched for poised and bivalent enhancer marks. Lasting DMSs had little correlation with lasting gene expression changes, but were associated with a significantly enhanced transcriptional response to a second acute GC challenge. A significant subset of lasting DMSs was also responsive to an acute GC-challenge in peripheral blood. These tissue-overlapping DMSs were used to compute a poly-epigenetic score that predicted exposure to conditions of excessive prenatal GC in newborn cord blood. Overall, our data suggest that early exposure to GCs can change the set point of future transcriptional responses to stress by inducing lasting DNAm changes. Such altered set points may relate to differential vulnerability to stress exposure later in life.
2019-03-01 | GSE119846 | GEO
Project description:Prenatal stress exposure is associated with the risk for psychiatric disorders later in life. This may be mediated via enhanced exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs), known to impact neurogenesis. We aimed to identify molecular mediators of these effects, focusing on long-lasting epigenetic changes. In a human hippocampal progenitor cell (HPC) line, we assessed the short- and long-term effects of GC exposure during neurogenesis on mRNA expression and DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles. GC exposure induced changes in DNAm at 27,812 CpG sites and in the expression of 3,857 transcripts at FDR ≤ 0.1 and an absolsute change in expression of 1.15. HPC gene expression and GC-affected DNAm profiles were enriched for changes observed during human fetal brain development. Differentially methylated sites (DMSs) with GC exposure clustered into four trajectories over HPC-differentiation, with transient as well as long-lasting DNAm changes. Lasting DMSs mapped to distinct functional pathways and were selectively enriched for poised and bivalent enhancer marks. Lasting DMSs had little correlation with lasting gene expression changes, but were associated with a significantly enhanced transcriptional response to a second acute GC challenge. A significant subset of lasting DMSs was also responsive to an acute GC-challenge in peripheral blood. These tissue-overlapping DMSs were used to compute a poly-epigenetic score that predicted exposure to conditions of excessive prenatal GC in newborn cord blood. Overall, our data suggest that early exposure to GCs can change the set point of future transcriptional responses to stress by inducing lasting DNAm changes. Such altered set points may relate to differential vulnerability to stress exposure later in life.
2019-03-01 | GSE119843 | GEO
Project description:Prenatal stress exposure is associated with risk for psychiatric disorders later in life. This may be mediated in part via enhanced exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs), which are known to impact neurogenesis. We aimed to identify molecular mediators of these effects, focusing on long-lasting epigenetic changes. In a human hippocampal progenitor cell (HPC) line, we assessed the short- and long-term effects of GC exposure during neurogenesis on messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles. GC exposure induced changes in DNAm at 27,812 CpG dinucleotides and in the expression of 3,857 transcripts (false discovery rate [FDR] ? 0.1 and absolute fold change [FC] expression ? 1.15). HPC expression and GC-affected DNAm profiles were enriched for changes observed during human fetal brain development. Differentially methylated sites (DMSs) with GC exposure clustered into 4 trajectories over HPC differentiation, with transient as well as long-lasting DNAm changes. Lasting DMSs mapped to distinct functional pathways and were selectively enriched for poised and bivalent enhancer marks. Lasting DMSs had little correlation with lasting expression changes but were associated with a significantly enhanced transcriptional response to a second acute GC challenge. A significant subset of lasting DMSs was also responsive to an acute GC challenge in peripheral blood. These tissue-overlapping DMSs were used to compute a polyepigenetic score that predicted exposure to conditions associated with altered prenatal GCs in newborn's cord blood DNA. Overall, our data suggest that early exposure to GCs can change the set point of future transcriptional responses to stress by inducing lasting DNAm changes. Such altered set points may relate to differential vulnerability to stress exposure later in life.
| S-EPMC7519233 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Glucocorticoid Exposure During Hippocampal Neurogenesis Primes Future Stress Response by Inducing Long-Lasting Changes in DNA Methylation
| PRJNA490449 | ENA
Project description:Glucocorticoid Exposure During Hippocampal Neurogenesis Primes Future Stress Response by Inducing Long-Lasting Changes in DNA Methylation [expression]
| PRJNA490442 | ENA
Project description:Glucocorticoid Exposure During Hippocampal Neurogenesis Primes Future Stress Response by Inducing Long-Lasting Changes in DNA Methylation [expression_acute]
| PRJNA490444 | ENA
Project description:Glucocorticoid Exposure During Hippocampal Neurogenesis Primes Future Stress Response by Inducing Long-Lasting Changes in DNA Methylation [methylation]
| PRJNA490451 | ENA
Project description:Binge alcohol consumption in adolescents is increasing, and studies in animal models show that adolescence is a period of high vulnerability to brain insults. The purpose of the present study was to determine the deleterious effects of binge alcohol on hippocampal neurogenesis in adolescent nonhuman primates. Heavy binge alcohol consumption over 11 mo dramatically and persistently decreased hippocampal proliferation and neurogenesis. Combinatorial analysis revealed distinct, actively dividing hippocampal neural progenitor cell types in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus that were in transition from stem-like radial glia-like cells (type 1) to immature transiently amplifying neuroblasts (type 2a, type 2b, and type 3), suggesting the evolutionary conservation of milestones of neuronal development in macaque monkeys. Alcohol significantly decreased the number of actively dividing type 1, 2a, and 2b cell types without significantly altering the early neuronal type 3 cells, suggesting that alcohol interferes with the division and migration of hippocampal preneuronal progenitors. Furthermore, the lasting alcohol-induced reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis paralleled an increase in neural degeneration mediated by nonapoptotic pathways. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the hippocampal neurogenic niche during adolescence is highly vulnerable to alcohol and that alcohol decreases neuronal turnover in adolescent nonhuman primate hippocampus by altering the ongoing process of neuronal development. This lasting effect, observed 2 mo after alcohol discontinuation, may underlie the deficits in hippocampus-associated cognitive tasks that are observed in alcoholics.
| S-EPMC2890755 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Stress and glucocorticoid hormones regulate hippocampal neurogenesis, but the molecular mechanisms mediating these effects are poorly understood. Here we identify the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) target gene, serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1), as one such mechanism. Using a human hippocampal progenitor cell line, we found that a small molecule inhibitor for SGK1, GSK650394, counteracted the cortisol-induced reduction in neurogenesis. Moreover, gene expression and pathway analysis showed that inhibition of the neurogenic Hedgehog pathway by cortisol was SGK1-dependent. SGK1 also potentiated and maintained GR activation in the presence of cortisol, and even after cortisol withdrawal, by increasing GR phosphorylation and GR nuclear translocation. Experiments combining the inhibitor for SGK1, GSK650394, with the GR antagonist, RU486, demonstrated that SGK1 was involved in the cortisol-induced reduction in progenitor proliferation both downstream of GR, by regulating relevant target genes, and upstream of GR, by increasing GR function. Corroborating the relevance of these findings in clinical and rodent settings, we also observed a significant increase of SGK1 mRNA in peripheral blood of drug-free depressed patients, as well as in the hippocampus of rats subjected to either unpredictable chronic mild stress or prenatal stress. Our findings identify SGK1 as a mediator for the effects of cortisol on neurogenesis and GR function, with particular relevance to stress and depression.
| S-EPMC3666742 | biostudies-literature