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Project description:We utilize MeDIP-seq, hMeDIP-seq and RNA-seq technologies to explore the epigenetic alterations in HCC after MenSC therapy. We provide distinct epigenetic landscapes of HCC cells mediated by MenSCs and demonstrate that MenSCs exert anticancer functions by regulating 5-hmC and 5-mC abundance in enhancer and promoter regions of oncogenic pathways. Deactivation of PI3K/AKT and RAF/ERK signaling attenuated the inhibition of FOXO3 and promoted downstream apoptosis. Moreover, an increase in PTEN further strengthened the suppressive effect on PI3K/AKT. Additionally, inactivation of phosphorylated ERK repressed c-myc-mediated EMT. Taken together, our results provided important epigenetic evidence for clarifying the mechanism of crosstalk between cancer and MSCs in the microenvironment and screening effective epigenetic targets for future therapy strategies based on modified MSCs.
2019-06-10 | GSE120158 | GEO
Project description:We utilize MeDIP-seq, hMeDIP-seq and RNA-seq technologies to explore the epigenetic alterations in HCC after MenSC therapy. We provide distinct epigenetic landscapes of HCC cells mediated by MenSCs and demonstrate that MenSCs exert anticancer functions by regulating 5-hmC and 5-mC abundance in enhancer and promoter regions of oncogenic pathways. Deactivation of PI3K/AKT and RAF/ERK signaling attenuated the inhibition of FOXO3 and promoted downstream apoptosis. Moreover, an increase in PTEN further strengthened the suppressive effect on PI3K/AKT. Additionally, inactivation of phosphorylated ERK repressed c-myc-mediated EMT. Taken together, our results provided important epigenetic evidence for clarifying the mechanism of crosstalk between cancer and MSCs in the microenvironment and screening effective epigenetic targets for future therapy strategies based on modified MSCs.
2019-06-10 | GSE120141 | GEO
Project description:We utilize MeDIP-seq, hMeDIP-seq and RNA-seq technologies to explore the epigenetic alterations in HCC after MenSC therapy. We provide distinct epigenetic landscapes of HCC cells mediated by MenSCs and demonstrate that MenSCs exert anticancer functions by regulating 5-hmC and 5-mC abundance in enhancer and promoter regions of oncogenic pathways. Deactivation of PI3K/AKT and RAF/ERK signaling attenuated the inhibition of FOXO3 and promoted downstream apoptosis. Moreover, an increase in PTEN further strengthened the suppressive effect on PI3K/AKT. Additionally, inactivation of phosphorylated ERK repressed c-myc-mediated EMT. Taken together, our results provided important epigenetic evidence for clarifying the mechanism of crosstalk between cancer and MSCs in the microenvironment and screening effective epigenetic targets for future therapy strategies based on modified MSCs.
2019-06-10 | GSE120085 | GEO
Project description:MenSCs inhibit HCC growth through oncogenic pathway suppression via regulating 5-hmC in enhancer elements
| PRJNA491745 | ENA
Project description:MenSCs inhibit HCC growth through oncogenic pathway suppression via regulating 5-hmC in enhancer elements [hMeDIP-seq]
| PRJNA491734 | ENA
Project description:MenSCs inhibit HCC growth through oncogenic pathway suppression via regulating 5-hmC in enhancer elements [RNA-seq]
| PRJNA491746 | ENA
Project description:MenSCs inhibit HCC growth through oncogenic pathway suppression via regulating 5-hmC in enhancer elements [MeDIP-seq]
| PRJNA491735 | ENA
Project description:BackgroundEpigenetic alteration is an important indicator of crosstalk between cancer cells and surrounding microenvironment components including mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Human menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) are novel source of MSCs which exert suppressive effects on cancers via multiple components of microenvironmental paracrine signaling. However, whether MenSCs play a crucial role in the epigenetic regulation of cancer cells remains unknown.MethodsEpigenetic alterations of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mediated by MenSCs were examined by immunofluorescence, ELISA, and RT-PCR assays. The suppressive impact of MenSCs on HCC was investigated in vitro using CCK8, apoptosis, wound healing, and invasion assays and in vivo using a xenograft mice model. MeDIP-seq, hMeDIP-seq, and RNA-seq were used to identify the genome-wide pattern of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in HCC cells after MenSC therapy.ResultsWe show that HCC cells display distinct genome-wide alterations in DNA hydroxymethylation and methylation after MenSC therapy. MenSCs exert an inhibitory effect on HCC growth via regulating 5-hmC and 5-mC abundance in the regulatory regions of oncogenic pathways including PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling, especially in enhancers and promoters. FOXO3 expression is rescued via reversal of 5-hmC and 5-mC levels in its enhancers and contributes to the activation of downstream apoptosis. Inactivation of the MAPK pathway further disrupts c-myc-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT). Additionally, chemotherapy resistance-associated genes including ID4 and HMGA1 are suppressed via amending 5-hmC and 5-mC abundance at their regulatory regions. HMGA1 and BYSL might be potential targets for gene-modified MSC therapy.ConclusionsOur results confirm that MSCs could regulate the epigenetic mechanism of HCC cells and provide a novel concept for a modified MSC strategy or combination therapy with chemotherapeutics based on epigenetics.
| S-EPMC6544940 | biostudies-literature
Project description:CTNNB1 (catenin beta 1)-mutated hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) account for a large proportion of human HCCs. They display high levels of respiratory chain activity. As metabolism and redox balance are closely linked, tumor cells must maintain their redox status during these metabolic alterations. We investigated the redox balance of these HCCs and the feasibility of targeting this balance as an avenue for targeted therapy. We assessed the expression of the nuclear erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2) detoxification pathway in an annotated human HCC data set and reported an enrichment of the NRF2 program in human HCCs with CTNNB1 mutations, largely independent of NFE2L2 (nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2) or KEAP1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) mutations. We then used mice with hepatocyte-specific oncogenic β-catenin activation to evaluate the redox status associated with β-catenin activation in preneoplastic livers and tumors. We challenged them with various oxidative stressors and observed that the β-catenin pathway activation increased transcription of Nfe2l2, which protects β-catenin-activated hepatocytes from oxidative damage and supports tumor development. Moreover, outside of its effects on reactive oxygen species scavenging, we found out that Nrf2 itself contributes to the metabolic activity of β-catenin-activated cells. We then challenged β-catenin activated tumors pharmacologically to create a redox imbalance and found that pharmacological inactivation of Nrf2 was sufficient to considerably decrease the progression of β-catenin-dependent HCC development. Conclusion: These results demonstrate cooperation between oncogenic β-catenin signaling and the NRF2 pathway in CTNNB1-mediated HCC tumorigenesis, and we provide evidence for the relevance of redox balance targeting as a therapeutic strategy in CTNNB1-mutated HCC.
| S-EPMC8435276 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe role of methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (MCCC2) in the development of tumors is well-established, and the involvement of leucine in the liver is well-known. However, the role of MCCC2 and the correlation between MCCC2 and leucine in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not yet been reported.MethodsIn this study, the Gepia database was used to evaluate the prognostic value of MCCC2 in HCC. The expression and localization of MCCC2 in HCC cells were determined by western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Flow cytometry and CCK-8 and transwell assays were carried out to explore the effect of MCCC2 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, mass spectrometry analysis was used to predict the potential cell function of MCCC2 in HCC.ResultsWe found that the expression of MCCC2 increased in HCC tissues and that high expression of MCCC2 could predict poor outcomes in HCC patients. Knockdown expression of MCCC2 in HCC cells could reduce cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ability in vitro and could inhibit HCC cell proliferation in vivo. Interestingly, we found that HCC cells transfected with MCCC2-sgRNA failed to respond to leucine deprivation. Meanwhile, leucine deprivation inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in HCC cells where MCCC2 was present rather than in cells where MCCC2 was absent. In addition, knockdown of MCCC2 significantly reduced the glycolysis markers, glucose consumption, lactate secretion, and acetyl-CoA level, which is a product of leucine metabolism. Furthermore, we found that MCCC2 promotes the activation of ERK. Profiling the MCCC2 binding proteins revealed that MCCC2-associated proteins are enriched in biological processes, such as protein metabolism, energy pathway, and metabolism in HCC cells.ConclusionsOur findings revealed that MCCC2 plays a critical role in the development of HCC, and the leucine metabolism pathway might be a novel target in HCC treatment.
| S-EPMC7788835 | biostudies-literature