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Perturbation of the metabolic phenotypes of vaccination by the gut microbiome in humans [phase I]

ABSTRACT: We performed an experiment in humans, in which broad spectrum antibiotics were administered to healthy young adults, prior and subsequent to vaccination with the seasonal influenza vaccine. Transcriptional profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed prior to the vaccination and as a time course following the vaccine administration.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE120717 | GEO | 2019/09/05

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Perturbation of the metabolic phenotypes of vaccination by the gut microbiome in humans [phase II]

Project description:We performed an experiment in humans, in which broad spectrum antibiotics were administered to healthy young adults, prior and subsequent to vaccination with the seasonal influenza vaccine. Transcriptional profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed prior to the vaccination and as a time course following the vaccine administration.

2019-09-05 | GSE120718 | GEO

Predicting seasonal influenza vaccine response using systemic gene expression profiling

Project description:Seasonal influenza is a primary public health burden in the USA and globally. Annual vaccination programs are designed on the basis of circulating influenza viral strains. However, the effectiveness of the seasonal influenza vaccine is highly variable between seasons and among individuals. A number of factors are known to influence vaccination effectiveness including age, sex, and comorbidities. Here, we sought to determine whether whole blood gene expression profiling prior to vaccination is informative about pre-existing immunological status and the immunological response to vaccine. We performed whole transcriptome analysis using RNA sequencing (RNAseq) of whole blood samples obtained prior to vaccination from participants enrolled in an annual influenza vaccine trial. Serological status prior to vaccination and 28 days following vaccination were assessed using the hemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI) to define baseline immune status and the response to vaccination. We find evidence that genes with immunological functions are increased in expression in individuals with higher pre-existing immunity and in those individuals who mount a greater response to vaccination. Using a random forest model we find that this set of genes can be used to predict vaccine response with a performance similar to a model that incorporates physiological and prior vaccination status alone. Our study shows that increased expression of immunological genes, possibly reflecting greater plasmablast cell populations, prior to vaccination is associated with an enhanced response to vaccine. Furthermore, in the absence of demographic and physiological information gene expression signatures are informative about the likely response of an individual to seasonal influenza vaccination.

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Perturbation of the metabolic phenotypes of vaccination by the gut microbiome in humans

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

2019-09-05 | GSE120719 | GEO

Affinity maturation broadens influenza vaccine-induced antibody responses in humans [bcr]

Project description:Influenza virus vaccination remains the best strategy for combating virus infection, but vaccine efficacy is highly variable. An ideal influenza vaccine must have two attributes: one, it should be capable of inducing broadly cross-reactive antibodies that can neutralize diverse influenza virus strains; and two, it must induce long-lived antibody responses to maintain protective immunity for extended periods. Germinal center (GC) reactions are the major sites where diversification and affinity maturation of B cells occur. Whether a persistent GC response could expand the breadth of responding B cell clones following influenza vaccination in humans remains unknown. Here, we show that influenza virus vaccine-specific GC B cells persist for over nine weeks post vaccination in two out of seven individuals. These late vaccine-specific GC B cells exhibited increased somatic hypermutation (SHM) of their B cell receptors compared to early vaccine-specific GC B cells. After re-immunization with seasonal influenza virus vaccine, individuals with a persistent GC engaged vaccine-specific plasmablasts (PBs) with higher SHM frequency. Tracking the maturation of three clonally related GC B cell lineages over time revealed that late GC B cells had receptors that recognized and neutralized heterologous influenza virus strains. Thus, SHM induced by persistent GCs can broaden the antibody response to influenza virus vaccination. This indicates that seasonal influenza virus vaccination in humans can induce broadly cross-reactive antibodies that target diverse influenza virus strains.

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Affinity maturation broadens influenza vaccine-induced antibody responses in humans [gex]

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Influenza Vaccination Primes Human Myeloid Cell Cytokine Secretion and Natural Killer Cell Function

Project description:51 healthy adults were vaccinated with seasonal influenza vaccine and PBMC were collected before and up to 30 days after vaccination and myloid and lymphoid (NK) cell function in response to restimulation with IL-15 alone virus was assessed.

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A Cell-based Systems Biology Assessment of Human Blood to Monitor Immune Responses After Influenza Vaccination

Project description:Systems biology is an approach to comprehensively study complex interactions within a biological system. Most published systems vaccinology studies have utilized whole blood or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to monitor the immune response after vaccination. Because human blood is comprised of multiple hematopoietic cell types, the potential for masking responses of under-represented cell populations is increased when analyzing whole blood or PBMC. To investigate the contribution of individual cell types to the immune response after vaccination, we established a rapid and efficient method to purify human T and B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, myeloid dendritic cells (mDC), monocytes, and neutrophils from fresh venous blood. Purified cells were fractionated and processed in a single day. RNA-Seq and quantitative shotgun proteomics were performed to determine expression profiles for each cell type prior to and after inactivated seasonal influenza vaccination. Our results show that transcriptomic and proteomic profiles generated from purified immune cells differ significantly from PBMC. Differential expression analysis for each immune cell type also shows unique transcriptomic and proteomic expression profiles as well as changing biological networks at early time points after vaccination. This cell type-specific information provides a more comprehensive approach to monitor vaccine responses.

2015-01-08 | PXD001657 | Pride

Perturbation of the metabolic phenotypes of vaccination by the gut microbiome in humans

Project description:Perturbation of the metabolic phenotypes of vaccination by the gut microbiome in humans

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A Cell-based Systems Biology Assessment of Human Blood to Monitor Immune Responses After Influenza Vaccination

2015-01-06 | E-GEOD-64655 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Ten day time course of effect of influenza vaccination on gene expression profiles of PBMC and circulating B cells in mice

Project description:Study was to explore the immune and transcriptomic response to seasonal influenza vaccination (TIV) in mice. For more information see Immport study SDY583. 22 total samples, 6 mice per sample: 11 PBMC samples (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 days post-vaccine boost) and 11 B cell samples (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 days post-vaccine boost)

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