The effect of RsaI on global gene expression in S. aureus
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Staphylococcus aureus
PROVIDER: GSE122064 | GEO | 2018/11/02
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:The virulon of Staphyloccocus aureus is controlled by intricate connections between transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators including proteins and small non coding RNAs (sRNAs). Most of the sRNAs regulate gene expression through base-pairings with mRNAs. Here, we have applied and adapted the MS2-affinity purification approach coupled to RNA sequencing (MAPS) to determine the targetome of RsaI sRNA of S. aureus.
2018-11-02 | GSE122065 | GEO
Project description:The virulon of Staphyloccocus aureus is controlled by intricate connections between transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators including proteins and small non coding RNAs (sRNAs). Most of the sRNAs regulate gene expression through base-pairings with mRNAs. Here, we have applied and adapted the MS2-affinity purification approach coupled to RNA sequencing (MAPS) to determine the targetome of RsaA sRNA of S. aureus, known to repress the synthesis of the transcriptional regulator MgrA. Several mRNAs were enriched with RsaA expanding its regulatory network. Besides mgrA, several of these mRNAs encode a family of SsaA-like enzymes involved in peptidoglycan metabolism and the secreted anti-inflammatory FLIPr protein. Thus RsaA behaves as an attenuator of acute infections and shows that MAPS can also be easily applied in Gram-positive bacteria for the identification of sRNA targetome.
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Project description:In Staphylococcus aureus, hundreds of small regulatory or small RNAs (sRNAs) have been identified, yet this class of molecule remains poorly understood and severely understudied. sRNA genes are typically absent from genome annotation files, and as a consequence, their existence is often overlooked, particularly in global transcriptomic studies. To facilitate improved detection and analysis of sRNAs in S. aureus, we generated updated GenBank files for three commonly used S. aureus strains (MRSA252, NCTC 8325, and USA300), in which we added annotations for >260 previously identified sRNAs. These files, the first to include genome-wide annotation of sRNAs in S. aureus, were then used as a foundation to identify novel sRNAs in the community-associated methicillin-resistant strain USA300. This analysis led to the discovery of 39 previously unidentified sRNAs. Investigating the genomic loci of the newly identified sRNAs revealed a surprising degree of inconsistency in genome anno- tation in S. aureus, which may be hindering the analysis and functional exploration of these elements. Finally, using our newly created annotation files as a reference, we perform a global analysis of sRNA gene expression in S. aureus and demonstrate that the newly identified tsr25 is the most highly upregulated sRNA in human serum. This study provides an invaluable resource to the S. aureus research community in the form of our newly generated annotation files, while at the same time presenting the first examination of differential sRNA expression in pathophysiologically relevant conditions. Four RNAseq data sets in total. Each sample was generated by pooling three independent biological replicate RNA preps
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Project description:In Staphylococcus aureus, hundreds of small regulatory or small RNAs (sRNAs) have been identified, yet this class of molecule remains poorly understood and severely understudied. sRNA genes are typically absent from genome annotation files, and as a consequence, their existence is often overlooked, particularly in global transcriptomic studies. To facilitate improved detection and analysis of sRNAs in S. aureus, we generated updated GenBank files for three commonly used S. aureus strains (MRSA252, NCTC 8325, and USA300), in which we added annotations for >260 previously identified sRNAs. These files, the first to include genome-wide annotation of sRNAs in S. aureus, were then used as a foundation to identify novel sRNAs in the community-associated methicillin-resistant strain USA300. This analysis led to the discovery of 39 previously unidentified sRNAs. Investigating the genomic loci of the newly identified sRNAs revealed a surprising degree of inconsistency in genome anno- tation in S. aureus, which may be hindering the analysis and functional exploration of these elements. Finally, using our newly created annotation files as a reference, we perform a global analysis of sRNA gene expression in S. aureus and demonstrate that the newly identified tsr25 is the most highly upregulated sRNA in human serum. This study provides an invaluable resource to the S. aureus research community in the form of our newly generated annotation files, while at the same time presenting the first examination of differential sRNA expression in pathophysiologically relevant conditions.
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Project description:Coordinated protein-coding sequence transcriptional responses of Staphylococcus aureus to antimicrobial exposure are well described but little is known of the role of bacterial non-coding, small RNAs (sRNAs) in these responses. Here we used RNAseq to investigate the sRNA response of the epidemic multiresistant hospital ST239 S. Aureus strain JKD6009 and its vancomycin-intermediate clinical derivative, JKD6008, after exposure to four antibiotics representing the major classes of antimicrobials used to treat methicillin-resistant S. Aureus infections. These agents included vancomycin, linezolid, ceftobiprole, and tigecycline. We identified 410 potential sRNAs (sRNAs) and then compared global sRNA and mRNA expression profiles at 2 and 6 hours, without antibiotic exposure, and after exposure to 0.5 x MIC for each antibiotic, for both JKD6009 (VSSA), and JKD6008 (VISA).
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Project description:Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an infectious pathogen that poses a significant threat to human health. MRSA is renowned for its ability to adapt to and even thrive in hostile environment within its host. By expressing a battery of virulence factors and toxins, MRSA is able to scavenge effectively essential nutrients and evade the immune system within the host. Post-transcriptional regulation by sRNAs contributes significantly to regulating the expression of virulence factors and toxins. However, the roles of the vast majority of sRNAs during host adaptation remain unknown. To challenge this gap, we performed UV cross-linking, ligation and sequencing of hybrids (CLASH) in S. aureus to unravel sRNA-RNA interactions with the double stranded ribonuclease III (RNase III) as a bait under conditions that mimic the host environment. Here we report a global analysis of RNA-RNA interactions in MRSA in vivo, which uncovered hundreds of novel sRNA-RNA pairs. Strikingly, our results indicate that the production of small membrane-permeabilizing toxins is under extensive sRNA-mediated regulation and that their expression is intimately connected to metabolism. We show that at least two sRNAs, RNAIII and RsaE, enhance the production of five clinically relevant cytolytic toxins that are important for survival within the host. Taken together, our data greatly expands the repertoire of sRNA-target interactions in S. aureus and provide detail on how these contribute to adjusting virulence in response to changes in metabolism.
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Project description:Small RNAs (sRNAs) remain an understudied class of regulatory molecules in bacteria. Hundreds of sRNAs have been identified in the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus; however, only a few have been characterized in detail. In this study we investigate the role of the sRNA Teg41 in S. aureus virulence. We demonstrate that Teg41, an sRNA divergently transcribed from the locus that encodes the cytolytic alpha phenol soluble modulin (αPSM) peptides, plays a critical role in αPSM production. Overproduction of Teg41 leads to an increase in αPSM levels and a corresponding increase in hemolytic activity from S. aureus cells and cell-free culture supernatants. We demonstrate that the increase in αPSM production is post-transcriptional, as expression of the αPSM transcript is unaltered upon Teg41 overproduction. To identify regions of Teg41 important for its function we performed an in silico RNA:RNA interaction analysis which predicted an interaction between the 3’ end of Teg41 and the αPSM transcript. Deleting a 24-nucleotide region from the S. aureus genome, corresponding to the 3’ end of Teg41, led to a 10-fold reduction in αPSM-dependent hemolytic activity and attenuation of virulence in a murine abscess model of infection. Together these results demonstrate, for the first time, post-transcriptional regulation of the αPSM peptides by an sRNA in S. aureus.
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Project description:Bacterial regulatory RNAs (sRNA) generally act by base-pairing with target mRNAs. While identification of sRNA targets is the essential step in sRNA characterization, it remains a stumbling block in most studies. To study sRNA-regulated networks in the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, we used a RNA-RNA interactome screening method for identifying sRNA targets based on synthetic sRNAs that are used in vitro as bait to trap their corresponding targets. The key to target discovery lies in the differential analysis of RNA-seq data from captures with different sRNAs and from ΔrsaE and RsaE over-expressing strains. This strategy was applied to study RsaE, a regulatory RNA highly conserved amongst Firmicutes and revealed that RsaE targets the arginase rocF mRNA via direct interactions involving G-rich motifs. Two duplicated C-rich motifs of RsaE can independently downregulate rocF expression. However, the relative activity of these motifs is substrate dependent. Metabolite quantifications in wild-type and ΔrsaE cultures indicate that the absence of RsaE affects amino acid metabolism. Collectively, the data support the model that RsaE acts as a global regulator downregulating functions associated to metabolic adaptation.
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Project description:Bacterial regulatory RNAs (sRNA) generally act by base-pairing with target mRNAs. While identification of sRNA targets is the essential step in sRNA characterization, it remains a stumbling block in most studies. To study sRNA-regulated networks in the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, we used a RNA-RNA interactome screening method for identifying sRNA targets based on synthetic sRNAs that are used in vitro as bait to trap their corresponding targets. In addition, the transcriptomic effects of sRNA deletion and sRNA accumulation were analyzed by differential expression analyzes of RNA-seq data. This strategy was applied to study RsaE, a regulatory RNA highly conserved amongst Firmicutes and revealed that RsaE targets the arginase rocF mRNA via direct interactions involving G-rich motifs. Two duplicated C-rich motifs of RsaE can independently downregulate rocF expression. However, the relative activity of these motifs is substrate dependent. Metabolite quantifications in wild-type and ΔrsaE cultures indicate that the absence of RsaE affects amino acid metabolism. Collectively, the data support the model that RsaE acts as a global regulator downregulating functions associated to metabolic adaptation.
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