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Neuroblast-specific open chromatin allows the temporal transcription factor, Hunchback, to bind neuroblast-specific loci

ABSTRACT: Integration of spatial and temporal identity during Drosophila neurogenesis is due to spatial factors generating neuroblast-specific chromatin thereby biasing subsequent temporal transcription factor binding and producing neuroblast-specific neurons.

ORGANISM(S): Drosophila melanogaster

PROVIDER: GSE123272 | GEO | 2019/01/25

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Neuroblast-specific open chromatin allows the temporal transcription factor, Hunchback, to bind neuroblast-specific loci

Project description:Neuroblast-specific open chromatin allows the temporal transcription factor, Hunchback, to bind neuroblast-specific loci

| PRJNA507995 | ENA

Neuroblast-specific open chromatin allows the temporal transcription factor, Hunchback, to bind neuroblast-specific loci.

Project description:Spatial and temporal cues are required to specify neuronal diversity, but how these cues are integrated in neural progenitors remains unknown. Drosophila progenitors (neuroblasts) are a good model: they are individually identifiable with relevant spatial and temporal transcription factors known. Here we test whether spatial/temporal factors act independently or sequentially in neuroblasts. We used Targeted DamID to identify genomic binding sites of the Hunchback temporal factor in two neuroblasts (NB5-6 and NB7-4) that make different progeny. Hunchback targets were different in each neuroblast, ruling out the independent specification model. Moreover, each neuroblast had distinct open chromatin domains, which correlated with differential Hb-bound loci in each neuroblast. Importantly, the Gsb/Pax3 spatial factor, expressed in NB5-6 but not NB7-4, had genomic binding sites correlated with open chromatin in NB5-6, but not NB7-4. Our data support a model in which early-acting spatial factors like Gsb establish neuroblast-specific open chromatin domains, leading to neuroblast-specific temporal factor binding and the production of different neurons in each neuroblast lineage.

| S-EPMC6377230 | biostudies-literature

Notch targets stem-cell and temporal-programming genes to orchestrate neuroblast tumours

Project description:Notch signalling is involved in a multitude of developmental decisions and its aberrant activation is linked to many diseases, including cancers. One such example is the neural stem cell tumours that arise from constitutive Notch activity in Drosophila neuroblasts. To investigate how hyper-activation of Notch in larval neuroblasts leads to tumours, we combined results from profiling the upregulated mRNAs and mapping the regions bound by Su(H) (the core Notch pathway transcription factor ). This identified 127 putative direct Notch targets that were up-regulated in the hyperplastic tissue. These genes were highly enriched for transcription factors (TFs) and overlapped significantly with a previously identified regulatory programme dependent on the proneural transcription factor Asense. Included were genes associated with the neuroblast maintenance and self-renewal programme that we validated as Notch regulated in vivo. A second category contained so-called temporal transcription factors, which are involved in neuroblast progression. Normally expressed in specific time windows, several temporal transcription factors were ectopically expressed in the stem cell tumours, suggesting that Notch had reprogrammed the normal temporal hierarchy. Indeed, the Notch-induced hyperplasia was reduced by mutations affecting two of the temporal factors which, conversely, were sufficient to induce mild hyperplasia on their own. Altogether the results demonstrate that Notch induces neural stem cell tumors by promoting the expression of genes that contribute to stem cell identity and by reprogramming expression of temporal factors that regulate maturity.

2016-10-18 | E-MTAB-3561 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Acsl mutants repress neuroblast development

Project description:We found Acsl mutants have deficient neuroblast development. Further experiment confirmed that genes related to cell cycle and pluripotency were supressed in Acsl mutants.

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tRNA sequencing Drosophila wildtype and ectopic neuroblast brains

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Acsl mutants repress neuroblast development

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Single-cell RNA-seq of Drosophila neuroblast tumors induced by the knockdown of prospero, E(z) and trx

Project description:COMPASS and Polycomb complexes are antagonistic chromatin complexes that are frequently inactivated in cancers, but how their inactivation affects the cellular hierarchy, composition and growth of tumors is unclear. Such characteristics can be systematically investigated in Drosophila neuroblast tumors in which cooption of temporal patterning induces a developmental hierarchy that confers cancer stem cell (CSC) properties to a subset of neuroblasts retaining an early larval temporal identity. Here, using single-cell transcriptomics, we reveal that the trithorax/MLL1/2-COMPASS-like complex guides the developmental trajectory at the top of the tumor hierarchy. Consequently, trithorax inactivation drives larval-to-embryonic temporal reversion and the dramatic expansion of CSCs that remain locked in a spectrum of early temporal states. Surprisingly, this phenotype is amplified by concomitant inactivation of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 genes, unleashing tumor growth. This study exemplifies how inactivation of specific COMPASS and Polycomb complexes cooperates to impair tumor hierarchies and induce CSC plasticity and heterogeneity.

2021-08-31 | GSE179154 | GEO

Myc and the Tip60 chromatin remodeling complex control neuroblast maintenance and polarity in Drosophila

Project description:Stem cells establish cortical polarity and divide asymmetrically to simultaneously maintain themselves and generate differentiating offspring cells. Several chromatin modifiers have been identified as stemness factors in mammalian pluripotent stem cells, but whether these factors control stem cell polarity and asymmetric division has not been investigated so far. We addressed this question in Drosophila neural stem cells called neuroblasts. We identified the Tip60 chromatin remodeling complex and its interaction partner Myc to regulate target genes required for neuroblast maintenance. Knockdown of members of this complex results in loss of cortical polarity, symmetric neuroblast division and premature differentiation through nuclear entry of the transcription factor Prospero. We found that aPKC is the key target gene of Myc and the Tip60 complex subunit Domino regulating neuroblast polarity. Our transcriptome analysis further showed that Domino regulates the expression of mitotic spindle genes which were identified before as direct Myc targets. Our findings reveal an evolutionarily conserved functional link between Myc, the Tip60 complex and the molecular network controlling cell polarity and asymmetric cell division.

2018-07-06 | PXD009939 | Pride

Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of Drosophila neuroblast tumors

Project description:Inactivation of prospero in Drosophila neuroblasts during larval stages induces unlimited neuroblast amplification leading to tumors that persist growing in adults. Tumors present in the ventral nerve cord of adult flies were dissected, dissociated and GFP-labelled tumor neuroblasts were isolated by FACS. 10000 neuroblasts were then processed for single-cell RNA-seq analysis. Single Cell RNA sequencing library were generated using the 10x Genomics Chromium Platform and sequenced on the Illumina Nextseq 500. eLife 2019;8:e50375 DOI: 10.7554/eLife.50375

2019-10-10 | GSE114986 | GEO

Expression data from OBGF400 cell line (porcine olfactory bulb neuroblast origin)

Project description:The phenotypically characterized hTERT immortalized porcine olfactory bulb neuroblast cell line (OBGF400) was subjected to an extensive whole genome-scaled expression profile for establishing their use as an in vitro neuronal disease model system. Microarrays were used to provide a comprehensive knowledge underlying the genomic complexity and overall gene expression capacity of the immortalized OBGF400 cells. The analysis revealed the elaborate signaling mechanisms of this unique subpopulation of porcine neuronally committed progenitors that mirrors the intricate organization of postnatal neurongenic zones.

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