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Neuroblast-specific open chromatin allows the temporal transcription factor, Hunchback, to bind neuroblast-specific loci

ABSTRACT: Integration of spatial and temporal identity during Drosophila neurogenesis is due to spatial factors generating neuroblast-specific chromatin thereby biasing subsequent temporal transcription factor binding and producing neuroblast-specific neurons.

ORGANISM(S): Drosophila melanogaster

PROVIDER: GSE123272 | GEO | 2019/01/25

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Neuroblast-specific open chromatin allows the temporal transcription factor, Hunchback, to bind neuroblast-specific loci

Project description:Neuroblast-specific open chromatin allows the temporal transcription factor, Hunchback, to bind neuroblast-specific loci

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Neuroblast-specific open chromatin allows the temporal transcription factor, Hunchback, to bind neuroblast-specific loci.

Project description:Spatial and temporal cues are required to specify neuronal diversity, but how these cues are integrated in neural progenitors remains unknown. Drosophila progenitors (neuroblasts) are a good model: they are individually identifiable with relevant spatial and temporal transcription factors known. Here we test whether spatial/temporal factors act independently or sequentially in neuroblasts. We used Targeted DamID to identify genomic binding sites of the Hunchback temporal factor in two neuroblasts (NB5-6 and NB7-4) that make different progeny. Hunchback targets were different in each neuroblast, ruling out the independent specification model. Moreover, each neuroblast had distinct open chromatin domains, which correlated with differential Hb-bound loci in each neuroblast. Importantly, the Gsb/Pax3 spatial factor, expressed in NB5-6 but not NB7-4, had genomic binding sites correlated with open chromatin in NB5-6, but not NB7-4. Our data support a model in which early-acting spatial factors like Gsb establish neuroblast-specific open chromatin domains, leading to neuroblast-specific temporal factor binding and the production of different neurons in each neuroblast lineage.

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Notch targets stem-cell and temporal-programming genes to orchestrate neuroblast tumours

Project description:Notch signalling is involved in a multitude of developmental decisions and its aberrant activation is linked to many diseases, including cancers. One such example is the neural stem cell tumours that arise from constitutive Notch activity in Drosophila neuroblasts. To investigate how hyper-activation of Notch in larval neuroblasts leads to tumours, we combined results from profiling the upregulated mRNAs and mapping the regions bound by Su(H) (the core Notch pathway transcription factor ). This identified 127 putative direct Notch targets that were up-regulated in the hyperplastic tissue. These genes were highly enriched for transcription factors (TFs) and overlapped significantly with a previously identified regulatory programme dependent on the proneural transcription factor Asense. Included were genes associated with the neuroblast maintenance and self-renewal programme that we validated as Notch regulated in vivo. A second category contained so-called temporal transcription factors, which are involved in neuroblast progression. Normally expressed in specific time windows, several temporal transcription factors were ectopically expressed in the stem cell tumours, suggesting that Notch had reprogrammed the normal temporal hierarchy. Indeed, the Notch-induced hyperplasia was reduced by mutations affecting two of the temporal factors which, conversely, were sufficient to induce mild hyperplasia on their own. Altogether the results demonstrate that Notch induces neural stem cell tumors by promoting the expression of genes that contribute to stem cell identity and by reprogramming expression of temporal factors that regulate maturity.

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Project description:COMPASS and Polycomb complexes are antagonistic chromatin complexes that are frequently inactivated in cancers, but how their inactivation affects the cellular hierarchy, composition and growth of tumors is unclear. Such characteristics can be systematically investigated in Drosophila neuroblast tumors in which cooption of temporal patterning induces a developmental hierarchy that confers cancer stem cell (CSC) properties to a subset of neuroblasts retaining an early larval temporal identity. Here, using single-cell transcriptomics, we reveal that the trithorax/MLL1/2-COMPASS-like complex guides the developmental trajectory at the top of the tumor hierarchy. Consequently, trithorax inactivation drives larval-to-embryonic temporal reversion and the dramatic expansion of CSCs that remain locked in a spectrum of early temporal states. Surprisingly, this phenotype is amplified by concomitant inactivation of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 genes, unleashing tumor growth. This study exemplifies how inactivation of specific COMPASS and Polycomb complexes cooperates to impair tumor hierarchies and induce CSC plasticity and heterogeneity.

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Project description:Inactivation of prospero in Drosophila neuroblasts during larval stages induces unlimited neuroblast amplification leading to tumors that persist growing in adults. Tumors present in the ventral nerve cord of adult flies were dissected, dissociated and GFP-labelled tumor neuroblasts were isolated by FACS. 10000 neuroblasts were then processed for single-cell RNA-seq analysis. Single Cell RNA sequencing library were generated using the 10x Genomics Chromium Platform and sequenced on the Illumina Nextseq 500. eLife 2019;8:e50375 DOI: 10.7554/eLife.50375

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