Clonal Analyses of Refractory Testicular Germ Cell Tumors
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE123464 | GEO | 2019/02/26
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are the most common tumors in young men. Fortunately, TGCTs respond very well to cisplatin -based chemotherapy and show a low incidence of acquired resistance compared to most somatic tumors. This high sensitivity also applies to more than 80% of all TGCTs with metastatic disease. The reasons for this particularly high sensitivity of male germ cell tumors to chemotherapy seem to be multifactorial. To study this phenomenon, we have addressed the issue of whether cisplatin produces germ cell tumor specific gene expression profiles using testicular germ cell tumor derived cell lines. By means of microarray technology, we have analyzed cisplatin-induced gene expression in two well characterized human testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) derived cell lines (833K and GCT27) which are sensitive to cisplatin treatment, and in a human colon carcinoma cell line (HCT116), to compare responses in germ cell tumor cell lines with those of tumor cells of somatic origin. We further evaluate the male germ cell tumor specificity, by mining available public databases and literature. By using SAM analysis, we identified 1794 differentially expressed genes. Among these, 1180 genes were over-expressed in TGCT cells and under-expressed in HCT116 cells and 614 genes were down-regulated in TGCT cells and up-regulated in HCT116 cells after exposure to cisplatin. Functional classification of these genes showed that they participate in a variety of different and widely distributed functional categories and biochemical pathways. Keywords: Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) Cisplatin, Microarray, cell type comparison, Gene expression
2007-10-01 | GSE7563 | GEO
Project description:Type II testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most prevalent tumors in young men. Patients suffering from cisplatin resistant TGCTs are facing very poor prognosis demanding novel therapeutic options. Neddylation is a known posttranslational modification mediating many important biological processes including tumorigenesis. Overactivation of neddylation pathway promotes carcinogenesis and tumor progression in various entities by inducing proteasomal degradation of tumor suppressors (e.g., p21, p27). We used a genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 activation screen to identify cisplatin resistance factors. TGCT cell lines were treated with the neddylation inhibitor (MLN4924)/cisplatin/combination and investigated for changes in viability (XTT assay), apoptosis/cell cycle (flow cytometry) as well as in the transcriptome (3’mRNA sequencing). NAE1 overexpression was detected in cisplatin resistant colonies from the CRISPR screen. Inhibition of neddylation using MLN4924 increased cisplatin cytotoxicity in TGCT cell lines and sensitized cisplatin resistant cells towards cisplatin. Apoptosis, G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest, gH2A.X/P27 accumulation and mesoderm/endoderm differentiation was observed in TGCT cells while fibroblast cells were unaffected. We identified overactivation of neddylation as a factor for cisplatin resistance in TGCTs and highlighted the additive effect of NAE1 inhibition by MLN4924 in combination with cisplatin as a novel treatment option for TGCTs.
2023-03-20 | GSE216043 | GEO
Project description:Type II testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most prevalent tumors in young men. Patients suffering from cisplatin resistant TGCTs are facing very poor prognosis demanding novel therapeutic options. Neddylation is a known posttranslational modification mediating many important biological processes including tumorigenesis. Overactivation of neddylation pathway promotes carcinogenesis and tumor progression in various entities by inducing proteasomal degradation of tumor suppressors (e.g., p21, p27). We used a genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 activation screen to identify cisplatin resistance factors. TGCT cell lines were treated with the neddylation inhibitor (MLN4924)/cisplatin/combination and investigated for changes in viability (XTT assay), apoptosis/cell cycle (flow cytometry) as well as in the transcriptome (3’mRNA sequencing). NAE1 overexpression was detected in cisplatin resistant colonies from the CRISPR screen. Inhibition of neddylation using MLN4924 increased cisplatin cytotoxicity in TGCT cell lines and sensitized cisplatin resistant cells towards cisplatin. Apoptosis, G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest, gH2A.X/P27 accumulation and mesoderm/endoderm differentiation was observed in TGCT cells while fibroblast cells were unaffected. We identified overactivation of neddylation as a factor for cisplatin resistance in TGCTs and highlighted the additive effect of NAE1 inhibition by MLN4924 in combination with cisplatin as a novel treatment option for TGCTs.
2023-03-20 | GSE225852 | GEO
Project description:Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are hypersensitive to cisplatin-based therapy however cisplatin resistance and poor outcomes do occur in a significant number of patients. It has been suggested that a shift toward DNA hypermethylation mediates cisplatin resistance in TGCT cells, although there is little direct evidence to support this claim. Here we utilized a series of isogenic cisplatin resistant cell models and observed a strong association between cisplatin resistance in TGCTs cells and a net increase in global CpG and non-CpG DNA methylation spanning regulatory, intergenic, genic and repeat elements. Hypermethylated loci were significantly enriched for repressive DNA segments, CTCF and RAD21 sites and lamina associated domains, suggesting that global nuclear reorganization of chromatin structure occurred in resistant cells. Hypomethylated CpG loci were significantly enriched for EZH2 and SUZ12 binding and H3K27me3 sites. Integrative transcriptome and methylome analysis showed a strong negative correlation between gene promoter CpG island methylation and gene expression in resistant cells and a weaker positive correlation between gene body methylation and gene expression. A bidirectional shift between gene promoter and gene body DNA methylation occurred within multiple genes that was associate with upregulation of polycomb targets and downregulation of tumor suppressor genes. These data support the hypothesis that global remodeling of DNA methylation is a key factor in mediating cisplatin hypersensitivity and chemoresistance of TGCTs and furthers the rationale for hypomethylation therapy for refractory TGCT patients.
2020-12-25 | GSE156512 | GEO
Project description:Testicular germ cells tumors (TGCTs) have a high sensitivity to cisplatin-based chemotherapy and a high cure rate, although with possible serious adverse effects. In the search for tumor suppressive drugs, the RANKL inhibitor Denosumab, used to treat osteoporosis came up as a candidate since RANKL signaling was recently identified in the testis. RANKL signals through the receptor RANK and this signaling is antagonized by the decoy receptor OPG. Here, we demonstrate expression of RANKL, RANK, and OPG in germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS), TGCTs, and TGCT-derived cell lines. RANKL inhibition reduced proliferation of seminoma-derived TCam-2 cells but had no effect on embryonal carcinoma-derived NTera2 cells in vitro. Denosumab did not potentiate the effect of cisplatin treatment in vitro but inhibition of RANKL in vivo resulted in reduced tumor growth in a TCam-2 but not a NTera2 xenograft model. Moreover, Denosumab treatment decreased proliferation in human testicular GCNIS tissue culture in vitro. In TGCT patients, serum RANKL was not linked with tumor burden, relapse, or other prognostic markers. In conclusion, this study shows that the RANKL signaling system is expressed in GCNIS and seminoma where RANKL inhibition suppress tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Future studies are needed to determine whether RANKL is important for the malignant transformation and the transition from GCNIS to invasive tumors.
2022-04-19 | GSE197389 | GEO
Project description:The potential effects of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a recent human and environmental health concern. There is a persistent link between PFAS exposure and cancer, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Although epidemiological evidence supporting PFAS exposure and cancer in general is conflicting, there is a relatively strong evidence linking PFAS and testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). However, there have been no mechanistic studies to date cancerning PFAS and TGCTs. In this report, the effects of the legacy PFAS, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and the newer "clean energy" PFAS, lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSi and called HQ-115) on TGCT tumorigenicity, survival, metabolism, and gene regulation were investigated. In vitro, proliferation and survival of both chemo-sensitive and -resistant TGCT cells were minimally affected by a wide concentration range of PFOS and HQ-115. However, both chemicals promoted the growth of TGCT cells in mouse xenografts at doses consistenet with human exposure but had minimal acute toxicity, as assessed by total body, kidney, and testis weight. PFOS, but not HQ-115, increased liver weight. Transcriptiomic alterations of PFOS-exposed normal mouse testes were dominated by cancer-related pathways and gene expression altersations associated with the H3K27me3 polycomb pathway and DNA methylation, epigenetic pathways were previously shown to be critical for the survival of TGCT cells after cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Similar pattersn of PFOS-mediated gene expression occured in PFOS-exposed cells in vitro. Metabolomic studies revealed that PFOS also altered metabolites associiated with steroid biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolism in TGCT cells, consistent with the proposed ability of PFAS to mimic fatty acied based ligands controlling lipid metabolism and the proposed role of PFAS as endocrine disrupters. Our data, this first cell and animal based study on PFAS in TGCTs, support a pro-tumorigenic effect of PFAS on TGCT biology and suggests epigenetic, metabolic, and endocrine disruption as potential mechanisms of action that are consistent with the non-mutagenic nature of the PFAS class.
2024-05-01 | GSE262137 | GEO
Project description:The development of chemo-resistance has dramatically limited the clinical efficiency of platinum-based therapy. Although many resistant mechanisms have been demonstrated, genetic/molecular alterations responsible for drug resistance in the majority of clinical cases has not been identified. We analyzed three pairs of testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) cell lines using Affymetrix expression microarrays to identify differential expressed genes. Then the expression of CCND1/CyclinD1, selected from the microarray analysis, was determined in cisplatin sensitive and resistance cancer samples including TGCTs, ovarian and prostate cancers by quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis (qRT-PCR). Finally, we determined the gene knocked-down effect of CyclinD1. Expression microarray study revealed a limited number of differentially expressed genes across all three cell lines when comparing the parental and resistant cells. Among them, CyclinD1 was the most significantly differentially expressed gene. Importantly, we found that, in clinical TGCT samples, the overall expression level of cyclinD1 is higher in resistant cases compared to those sensitive samples (9/12 in the resistant group and only 3/8 in the sensitive group). We also found that cyclinD1 expressed dozens of fold higher in the resistant than in the sensitive ovarian cancer cell lines and dramatically overexpressed in prostate cancer. We re-sensitized the resistant cells by knocking-down cyclinD1. We demonstrated that deregulation of cyclinD1 is the major cause of TGCT cisplatin resistance and it may also be commonly involved in other human cancers. Combined cyclinD1 inhibition and cisplatin chemotherapy may be used clinically to treat the large number of cyclinD1 deregulated resistant tumors. RNA from three paired parental and cisplatin-resistant TGCT cell lines was extracted and analysed by Affymetrix gene expression microarray profiling (Human Genome U133 plus 2.0 arrays). Expression changes associated with the resistant phenotype were identified by comparing the three cisplatin-resistant derivatives to their parental counterparts.
2010-03-15 | E-GEOD-14231 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are exceptionally sensitive to genotoxic chemotherapy, resulting in a high cure rate for the young men presenting with these malignancies. However, this treatment is associated with significant toxicity, and a subset of malignant TGCTs demonstrate chemoresistance. Mixed non-seminomas often contain pluripotent embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, the cancer stem cells (CSCs) of these tumors. We hypothesized that differentiation therapy, a treatment strategy which aims to induce differentiation of tumor-propagating CSCs to slow tumor growth, could effectively treat mixed non-seminomas without significant toxicity. The FDA-approved anti-psychotic thioridazine and the agricultural antibiotic salinomycin are two drugs previously found to selectively target CSCs, and here we report that these agents differentiate EC cells in vitro and greatly reduce their tumorigenic potential in vivo. Using a novel transformed induced pluripotent stem cell allograft model and a human xenograft model, we show that thioridazine extends the survival of tumor-bearing mice and can reduce the number of pluripotent EC cells within tumors. These results suggest that thioridazine could be repurposed as an alternative TGCT treatment that avoids the toxicity of conventional chemotherapeutics.
2021-04-23 | GSE168261 | GEO
Project description:Tenosynovial giant-cell tumor (TGCT) and pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) are related conditions with features of both reactive inflammatory disorders and clonal neoplastic proliferations. Chromosomal translocations involving chromosome 1p13 have been reported in both TGCT and PVNS. We confirm that translocations involving 1p13 are present in a majority of cases of TGCT and PVNS and show that CSF1 is the gene at the chromosome 1p13 breakpoint. In some cases of both TGCT and PVNS, CSF1 is fused to COL6A3 (2q35). The CSF1 translocations result in overexpression of CSF1. In cases of TGCT and PVNS carrying this translocation, it is present in a minority of the intratumoral cells, leading to CSF1 expression only in these cells, whereas the majority of cells express CSF1R but not CSF1, suggesting a tumor-landscaping effect with aberrant CSF1 expression in the neoplastic cells, leading to the abnormal accumulation of nonneoplastic cells that form a tumorous mass.
2006-06-09 | E-SMDB-3598 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Tenosynovial giant-cell tumor (TGCT) and pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) are related conditions with features of both reactive inflammatory disorders and clonal neoplastic proliferations. Chromosomal translocations involving chromosome 1p13 have been reported in both TGCT and PVNS. We confirm that translocations involving 1p13 are present in a majority of cases of TGCT and PVNS and show that CSF1 is the gene at the chromosome 1p13 breakpoint. In some cases of both TGCT and PVNS, CSF1 is fused to COL6A3 (2q35). The CSF1 translocations result in overexpression of CSF1. In cases of TGCT and PVNS carrying this translocation, it is present in a minority of the intratumoral cells, leading to CSF1 expression only in these cells, whereas the majority of cells express CSF1R but not CSF1, suggesting a tumor-landscaping effect with aberrant CSF1 expression in the neoplastic cells, leading to the abnormal accumulation of nonneoplastic cells that form a tumorous mass. Set of arrays organized by shared biological context, such as organism, tumors types, processes, etc. Computed
2006-02-24 | E-GEOD-4166 | biostudies-arrayexpress