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Chronic Circadian Misalignment Results in Reduced Longevity and Large-Scale Changes in Gene Expression in Drosophila

ABSTRACT: We investigated the consequences of chronic circadian misalignment (CCM) in the powerful model system of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. We subjected flies to daily 4-hr phase delays in the light-dark schedule and used the Drosophila Activity Monitoring (DAM) system to continuously track locomotor activity and sleep while simultaneously monitoring fly lifespan. Consistent with previous results, we find that exposing flies to CCM leads to a ~15% reduction in median lifespan in both male and female flies. Importantly, we demonstrate that the reduced longevity occurs independent of changes in overall sleep or activity. To uncover potential molecular mechanisms of CCM-induced reduction in lifespan, we conducted whole body RNA-sequencing to assess differences in gene transcription between control and misaligned flies. CCM caused progressive, large-scale changes in gene expression characterized by upregulation of genes involved in response to toxic substances, aging and oxidative stress, and downregulation of genes involved in regulation of development and differentiation, gene expression and biosynthesis. Many of these gene expression changes mimic those that occur during natural aging, consistent with the idea that CCM results in premature organismal decline, however, we found that genes involved in lipid metabolism are overrepresented among those that are differentially regulated by CCM and aging. This category of genes is also among the earliest to exhibit CCM-induced changes in expression, thus highlighting altered lipid metabolism as a potentially important mediator of the negative health consequences of CCM.

ORGANISM(S): Drosophila melanogaster

PROVIDER: GSE124065 | GEO | 2018/12/19

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Extended periods of waking result in physiological impairments in humans, rats, and flies. Sleep homeostasis, the increase in sleep observed following sleep loss, is believed to counter the negative effects of prolonged waking by restoring vital biological processes that are degraded during sleep deprivation. Sleep homeostasis, as with other behaviors, is influenced by both genes and environment. We report here that during periods of starvation, flies remain spontaneously awake but, in contrast to sleep deprivation, do not accrue any of the negative consequences of prolonged waking. Specifically, the homeostatic response and learning impairments that are a characteristic of sleep loss are not observed following prolonged waking induced by starvation. To identify the genes responsible for the protective effects of starvation we conducted transcription profiling of sleep deprived flies that accrue sleep debt compared to starved siblings that do not. Genes involved in lipid metabolism were highly enriched in our dataset of 84 differentially regulated transcripts. Follow up genetic studies established that 6 genes involved in lipid metabolism strongly influence sleep homeostasis. Two of these genes, brummer (bmm) and Lipid storage droplet 2 (Lsd2), are in the same lipolysis pathway but exert antagonistic effects on lipid storage. bmm mutant flies have excess fat stores and display a large homeostatic response following sleep deprivation. In contrast, Lsd2 mutant flies, which phenocopy aspects of starvation as measured by low triglyceride stores, do not exhibit a homeostatic response following sleep loss. Importantly, Lsd2 mutant flies are not learning impaired after sleep deprivation. These results provide the first genetic evidence, to our knowledge, that lipid metabolism plays an important role in regulating the homeostatic response and can protect against neuronal impairments induced by prolonged waking. Two-condition experiments: sleep deprived vs starved. RNA from 8 biological replicates for each condition was pooled in groups of 2 to create 4 samples. Each of the 4 samples is run in duplicate with untreated circadian matched controls.

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Chronic Circadian Misalignment Results in Reduced Longevity and Large-Scale Changes in Gene Expression in Drosophila

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