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Histone chaperone CAF-1 is a synthetic lethal vulnerability in the context of ARID1A deficiencies [ATAC-Seq]

ABSTRACT: Mutations in the BAF chromatin remodeling complex rank among the most frequent genetic alterations in human cancers, many of which result in a loss of function of the respective subunits. Recent genomic and chemical screens have revealed synthetic lethal interactions of BAF complex subunits with each other as well as with further chromatin modifiers. Using an epigenome-focused shRNA library, we identified loss of the histone chaperone complex CAF-1 (chromatin assembly factor 1) as a synthetic lethal vulnerability of ARID1A-deficient cells that is enhanced by the androgen receptor agonist testosterone. In line with antagonistic roles of the CAF-1 and BAF complexes in nucleosome deposition and remodeling, we show that knock-down of CAF-1 subunits results in a partial reversal of the transcriptional and chromatin accessibility effects caused by loss of ARID1A. Together, our findings identify a new functional partner of the BAF chromatin remodeling complex and represent a potential novel strategy for targeting ARID1A-deficient cancers.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE125220 | GEO | 2022/09/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Histone chaperone CAF-1 is a synthetic lethal vulnerability in the context of ARID1A deficiencies [RNA-Seq]

Project description:Mutations in the BAF chromatin remodeling complex rank among the most frequent genetic alterations in human cancers, many of which result in a loss of function of the respective subunits. Recent genomic and chemical screens have revealed synthetic lethal interactions of BAF complex subunits with each other as well as with further chromatin modifiers. Using an epigenome-focused shRNA library, we identified loss of the histone chaperone complex CAF-1 (chromatin assembly factor 1) as a synthetic lethal vulnerability of ARID1A-deficient cells that is enhanced by the androgen receptor agonist testosterone. In line with antagonistic roles of the CAF-1 and BAF complexes in nucleosome deposition and remodeling, we show that knock-down of CAF-1 subunits results in a partial reversal of the transcriptional and chromatin accessibility effects caused by loss of ARID1A. Together, our findings identify a new functional partner of the BAF chromatin remodeling complex and represent a potential novel strategy for targeting ARID1A-deficient cancers.

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Acute BAF perturbation causes immediate changes in chromatin accessibility

Project description:Loss-of-function mutations in genes coding for subunits of the large, multifarious BRG1/BRM associated factor (BAF) chromatin remodeling complexes are frequently causative for cancer or developmental diseases. Cells lacking the most frequently mutated subunits, like the ATPase SMARCA4, typically exhibit drastic chromatin accessibility changes, especially of important regulatory regions. However, so far it remains unknown how these changes are established over time, and whether they are causative for intra-complex synthetic lethalities abrogating the formation or activity of BAF complexes. Here, we utilize the dTAG system to induce acute degradation of BAF subunits in wildtype and BAF mutant backgrounds and analyze the resulting chromatin accessibility changes with high kinetic resolution. We observe that chromatin alterations are established faster than the duration of one cell cycle and that maintaining genome accessibility requires constant ATP-dependent remodeling. Completely abolishing BAF complex function by acute degradation of a synthetic lethal subunit in a paralog-deficient background results in a near-complete loss of chromatin accessibility at BAF-controlled sites, especially at super-enhancers, providing a mechanism for intra-complex synthetic lethalities.

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Project description:Loss-of-function mutations in genes coding for subunits of the large, multifarious BRG1/BRM associated factor (BAF) chromatin remodeling complexes are frequently causative for cancer or developmental diseases1-5. Cells lacking the most frequently mutated subunits like the ATPase SMARCA4 typically exhibit drastic chromatin accessibility changes, especially of important regulatory regions6-12. However, so far it remains unknown how these changes are established over time, and whether they are causative for intra-complex synthetic lethalities abrogating the formation (SMARCC1-SMARCC2)8,13,14 or activity (SMARCA4-SMARCA2)15-17 of BAF complexes. Here, we utilize the dTAG system18 to induce acute degradation of BAF subunits in wild-type and BAF mutant backgrounds and analyze the resulting chromatin accessibility changes with high kinetic resolution. We observe that chromatin alterations are established faster than the duration of one cell cycle and that maintaining genome accessibility requires constant ATP-dependent remodeling. Completely abolishing BAF complex function by acute degradation of a synthetic lethal subunit in a paralog-deficient background results in a near-complete loss of chromatin accessibility at BAF-controlled sites, especially at super-enhancers, providing a mechanism for intra-complex synthetic lethalities.

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Project description:The mammalian BRG1-associated factors (BAF) complex is a multi-subunit chromatin remodeling complex that is an important component of the embryonic stem cell (ESC) transcriptional regulatory network. However, the role of individual subunits in BAF complex targeting and function needs to be elucidated. Here, we find that the Bromodomain containing protein 9 (BRD9) defines a smaller, non-canonical BAF complex in mouse ESCs that is distinct from the canonical embryonic stem cell BAF (esBAF) and the polybromo-associated BAF (PBAF) complexes. This BRD9-containing BAF complex, or BBAF complex, uniquely incorporates the BRD4-interacting chromatin remodeling associated protein-like (BICRAL) or its paralog BICRA and lacks several esBAF subunits including BAF47, ARID1A and BAF57. We demonstrate that BBAF and esBAF complexes are targeted to different features of the genome and are co-bound with different sets of pluripotency transcription factors. Specifically, BBAF complexes co-localize with key regulators of naïve pluripotency, KLF4 and Sp5, on the genome. Consistent with this, we provide evidence that BBAF’s specific function is to regulate the transcription of genes involved in the maintenance of naïve pluripotency, including Nanog and Prdm14. Additionally, we show that BRD9 is displaced from chromatin by the selective BRD9 bromodomain inhibitor, I-BRD9, and that this leads to changes in target gene expression. Together, our results provide evidence for the identification of a new BAF complex, and demonstrate functionally specific roles for BAF complex assemblies in maintaining the transcriptional network of pluripotency.

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