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Circular RNAs drive oncogenic chromosomal translocations through R-loop-mediated genome instability [DRIP-seq]

ABSTRACT: Studying the role of circular RNAs in cancer initiation by profiling the interaction of circRNAs with DNA in human cells. The first step of oncogenesis is the acquisition of a repertoire of genetic mutations to initiate and sustain the malignancy. An important example of this initiation phase in leukaemia is the formation of a potent oncogene by chromosomal translocations between the histone methyltransferase Mixed Lineage Leukaemia (MLL) gene and one of over 100 translocation partner genes. Here we show that circular RNAs (circRNAs) - which are a family of covalently-closed, alternatively-spliced RNA molecules - bind DNA, forming circRNA:DNA hybrids (circR-loops) at their cognate loci, and promote transcriptional pausing and DNA breaks. The MLL recombinome concentrates these circR-loops and by overexpressing circRNAs from MLL in human cells we could generate de novo chromosomal translocations, mimicking the MLL recombinome. We anticipate our findings will illuminate this critical phase in cancer initiation and provide a framework to investigate the action of endogenous RNA molecules underlying various genetic aberrations through a process of Endogenous RNA-Directed DNA Damage (ER3D).

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE125985 | GEO | 2023/05/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Circular RNAs drive oncogenic chromosomal translocations through R-loop-mediated genome instability [RNA-seq]

Project description:Studying the role of circular RNAs in cancer initiation by profiling the interaction of circRNAs with DNA in human cells. The first step of oncogenesis is the acquisition of a repertoire of genetic mutations to initiate and sustain the malignancy. An important example of this initiation phase in leukaemia is the formation of a potent oncogene by chromosomal translocations between the histone methyltransferase Mixed Lineage Leukaemia (MLL) gene and one of over 100 translocation partner genes. Here we show that circular RNAs (circRNAs) - which are a family of covalently-closed, alternatively-spliced RNA molecules - bind DNA, forming circRNA:DNA hybrids (circR-loops) at their cognate loci, and promote transcriptional pausing and DNA breaks. The MLL recombinome concentrates these circR-loops and by overexpressing circRNAs from MLL in human cells we could generate de novo chromosomal translocations, mimicking the MLL recombinome. We anticipate our findings will illuminate this critical phase in cancer initiation and provide a framework to investigate the action of endogenous RNA molecules underlying various genetic aberrations through a process of Endogenous RNA-Directed DNA Damage (ER3D).

2023-05-01 | GSE125984 | GEO

Circular RNAs drive oncogenic chromosomal translocations through R-loop-mediated genome instability [ncRNA-seq]

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Circular RNAs drive oncogenic chromosomal translocations through R-loop-mediated genome instability [ATAC-Seq]

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Circular RNAs drive oncogenic chromosomal translocations through R-loop-mediated genome instability [RNA-seq 2]

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CircRNAs Are Here to Stay: A Perspective on the MLL Recombinome

Project description:Chromosomal translocations harbored by cancer genomes are important oncogenic drivers. In MLL rearranged acute leukemia (MLLre) MLL/KMT2A fuses with over 90 partner genes. Mechanistic studies provided clues of MLL fusion protein leukemogenic potential, but models failed to fully recapitulate the disease. Recently, expression of oncogenic fusion circular RNAs (f-circ) by MLL-AF9 fusion was proven. This discovery, together with emerging data on the importance and diversity of circRNAs formed the incentive to study the circRNAs of the MLL recombinome. Through interactions with other RNAs, such as microRNAs, and with proteins, circRNAs regulate cellular processes also related to cancer development. CircRNAs can translate into functional peptides too. MLL and most of the 90 MLL translocation partners do express circRNAs and exploration of our RNA-seq dataset of sorted blood cell populations provided new data on alternative circular isoform generation and expression variability of circRNAs of the MLL recombinome. Further, we provided evidence that rearrangements of MLL and three of the main translocation partner genes can impact circRNA expression, supported also by preliminary observations in leukemic cells. The emerging picture underpins the view that circRNAs are worthwhile to be considered when studying MLLre leukemias and provides a new perspective on the impact of chromosomal translocations in cancer cells at large.

2022-09-07 | GSE212430 | GEO

Expression data from conditionally immortalized MLL-AF9 and MLL-ENL hematopoietic progenitor cells following loss of MLL-fusion oncogene

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Neural circular RNAs are derived from synaptic genes and regulated by development and plasticity

Project description:Circular RNAs (circRNAs), formed by the atypical head-to-tail splicing of exons, have re-emerged as a potentially interesting RNA species given recent reports of a surprising diversity and abundance of circRNA in organisms ranging from worm to human. Here, using deep RNA sequencing, we profiled different RNA species in mouse and observed that circRNAs are significantly enriched in neural tissue, relative to other tissues. Using PacBio sequencing, we determined, for the first time, the circular structure of this population of circRNAs as well as their full-length sequences. We discovered that a disproportionate fraction of the brain circRNA population is derived from host genes that code for synaptic proteins. Moreover, based on the separate profiling of the RNAs localized in neuronal cell bodies and neuropil (enriched in axons and dendrites), we found that, on average, circular RNAs are more enriched in the neuropil than their host gene mRNA isoforms. Using high resolution in situ hybridization we, for the first time, directly visualized circRNA punctae in the dendrites of neurons. The host gene origin and location of the circRNA in neurons suggest the possibility that circRNAs might participate in the regulation of synaptic function and plasticity. Consistent with this idea, we observed via profiling at different developmental stages, that the abundance of many circular RNAs changes abruptly at a time corresponding to synaptogenesis. In addition, following a homeostatic downscaling of neuronal activity many circRNAs exhibit significant up or down-regulation. These data indicate that brain circRNAs are positioned to respond to and regulate synaptic function. Circular RNA profiling in 13 different samples in mice and four samples in rat, using Illumina sequencing

2015-02-25 | E-GEOD-61991 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Pharmacologic inhibition of LSD1 induces molecular and morphologic differentiation of blast cells in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients harboring MLL gene translocations. In addition to its demethylase activity, LSD1 has a critical scaffolding function at genomic sites occupied by the SNAG domain transcription repressor GFI1. Importantly, inhibitors block both enzymatic and scaffolding activities, in the latter case by disrupting the protein:protein interaction of GFI1 with LSD1. To explore the wider consequences of LSD1 inhibition on the LSD1 protein complex we made use of mass spectrometry approaches. We discovered that the interaction of the HMG-box protein HMG20B with LSD1 was also disrupted by LSD1 inhibition. Downstream investigations revealed that HMG20B is colocated on chromatin genome-wide with GFI1 and LSD1; the strongest HMG20B binding colocates with the strongest GFI1 and LSD1 binding. Functional assays demonstrated that HMG20B depletion induces leukaemia cell differentiation and further revealed that HMG20B is required for the transcription repressor activity of GFI1 through stabilizing the interaction on chromatin of LSD1 with GFI1. Interaction of HMG20B with LSD1 is through its coiled-coil domain. Thus, HMG20B is a critical component of the GFI1:LSD1 transcription repressor complex which contributes to leukaemia cell differentiation block.

2023-03-11 | PXD030581 | Pride

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2015-12-17 | E-GEOD-71195 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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