Tanycyte-independent control of hypothalamic leptin signaling
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE126707 | GEO | 2019/02/19
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Hypothalamic nuclei which regulate homeostatic functions express leptin receptor (LepR), the primary target of the satiety hormone leptin. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has facilitated the discovery of a variety of hypothalamic cell types. However, low abundance of LepR transcripts prevented further characterization of LepR cells. Therefore, we perform scRNA-seq on isolated LepR cells and identify eight neuronal clusters, including three uncharacterized Trh-expressing populations as well as 17 non-neuronal populations including tanycytes, oligodendrocytes and endothelial cells. This includes food restriction to measure the response of Lepr positive cells to fasting. Using FACS sorting into 384 well plates and Celseq2 method, we generated a high-quality dataset containing a median of 12,082 unique counts and 4,756 genes per cell.
2021-07-01 | GSE154962 | GEO
Project description:Tanycyte-independent control of hypothalamic leptin signaling
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Project description:Purpose: highthroughput sequencing (scRNA-Seq) to study hypothalamic tanycytes and astrocytes with NrCAM KO
2021-12-29 | GSE192766 | GEO
Project description:The relationship between loss of hypothalamic function and onset of diabetes mellitus remains elusive. Therefore, we generated a targeted oxidative-stress murine model utilizing conditional knockout of selenocysteine-tRNA (Trsp) using rat insulin promoter-driven-Cre (RIP-Cre). These Trsp-knockout (TrspRIPKO) mice exhibit deletion of Trsp in both hypothalamic cells and pancreatic β-cells leading to increased hypothalamic oxidative stress and severe insulin resistance. Leptin signals were suppressed and numbers of proopiomelanocortin-positive neurons in the hypothalamus were decreased. In contrast, a Trsp-knockout mouse (TrspIns1KO) expressing Cre specifically in pancreatic β-cells, but not in the hypothalamus, did not display insulin and leptin resistance, demonstrating a critical role of the hypothalamus in the onset of diabetes mellitus. Nrf2 (NF-E2-related-factor-2) regulates antioxidant gene expression. Gene-driven increase in Nrf2 signaling suppressed hypothalamic oxidative stress and improved insulin and leptin resistance in TrspRIPKO mice. Thus, Nrf2 harbors the potential to prevent the onset of diabetic mellitus by reducing hypothalamic oxidative damage.
2017-02-06 | GSE92235 | GEO
Project description:The relationship between loss of hypothalamic function and onset of diabetes mellitus remains elusive. Therefore, we generated a targeted oxidative-stress murine model utilizing conditional knockout of selenocysteine-tRNA (Trsp) using rat insulin promoter-driven-Cre (RIP-Cre). These Trsp-knockout (TrspRIPKO) mice exhibit deletion of Trsp in both hypothalamic cells and pancreatic β-cells leading to increased hypothalamic oxidative stress and severe insulin resistance. Leptin signals were suppressed and numbers of proopiomelanocortin-positive neurons in the hypothalamus were decreased. In contrast, a Trsp-knockout mouse (TrspIns1KO) expressing Cre specifically in pancreatic β-cells, but not in the hypothalamus, did not display insulin and leptin resistance, demonstrating a critical role of the hypothalamus in the onset of diabetes mellitus. Nrf2 (NF-E2-related-factor-2) regulates antioxidant gene expression. Gene-driven increase in Nrf2 signaling suppressed hypothalamic oxidative stress and improved insulin and leptin resistance in TrspRIPKO mice. Thus, Nrf2 harbors the potential to prevent the onset of diabetic mellitus by reducing hypothalamic oxidative damage.
2017-02-06 | GSE92234 | GEO
Project description:Background: Neuronal and glial differentiation in the murine hypothalamus is not complete at birth, but continues over the first two weeks postnatally. Nutritional status and Leptin deficiency can influence the maturation of neuronal projections and glial patterns, and hypothalamic gliosis occurs in mouse models of obesity. Gnasxl constitutes an alternative transcript of the genomically imprinted Gnas locus and encodes a variant of the signalling protein Gαs, termed XLαs, which is expressed in defined areas of the hypothalamus. Gnasxl-deficient mice show postnatal growth retardation and undernutrition, while surviving adults remain lean and hypermetabolic with increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity. Effects of this knock-out on the hypothalamic neural network have not yet been investigated. Results: RNAseq analysis for gene expression changes in hypothalami of Gnasxl-deficient mice indicated Glial fibrillary acid protein (Gfap) expression to be significantly down-regulated in adult samples. Histological analysis confirmed a reduction in Gfap-positive glial cell numbers specifically in the hypothalamus. This reduction was observed in adult tissue samples, whereas no difference was found in hypothalami of postnatal stages, indicating an adaptation in adult Gnasxl-deficient mice to their earlier growth phenotype and hypermetabolism. Especially noticeable was a loss of many Gfap-positive α-tanycytes and their processes, which form part of the ependymal layer that lines the medial and dorsal regions of the 3rd ventricle, while β-tanycytes along the median eminence (ME) and infundibular recesses appeared unaffected. This was accompanied by local reductions in Vimentin and Nestin expression. Hypothalamic RNA levels of glial solute transporters were, unchanged, indicating a potential compensatory up-regulation in the remaining astrocytes and tanycytes. Conclusion: Gnasxl deficiency does not directly affect glial development in the hypothalamus, since it is expressed in neurons, and Gfap-positive astrocytes and tanycytes appear normal during early postnatal stages. The loss of Gfap-expressing cells in adult hypothalami appears to be a consequence of the postnatal undernutrition, hypoglycaemia and continued hypermetabolism and leanness of Gnasxl-deficient mice, which contrasts with gliosis observed in obese mouse models. Since α-tanycytes also function as adult neural progenitor cells, these findings might indicate further developmental abnormalities in hypothalamic formations of Gnasxl-deficient mice, potentially including neuronal composition and projections. 6 wildtype and 6 Gnasxlm+/p- RNA isolates were used, which were pooled in pairs in equal concentrations prior to rRNA removal using the RiboMinus kit (Life Technologies)
2016-04-14 | E-GEOD-75878 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Pre- and postnatal calorie restriction is associated with postnatal growth restriction, reduced circulating leptin concentrations and perturbed energy balance. Hypothalamic regulation of energy balance demonstrates enhanced orexigenic (NPY, AgRP) and diminished anorexigenic (POMC, CART) neuropeptide expression (PN21) setting the stage for subsequent development of obesity. Leptin replenishment during the early postnatal period (PN2-PN8) led to reversing the hypothalamic orexigenic:anorexigenic neuropeptide ratio at PN21 by only reducing the orexigenic (NPY, AgRP) without affecting the anorexigenic (POMC, CART) neuropeptide expression. This hypothalamic effect was mediated via enhanced leptin receptor (ObRb) signaling that involved increased pSTAT3 but reduced PTP1B. This was further confirmed by an increase in body weight at PN21 in response to intracerebroventricular administration of antisense ObRb oligonucleotides (PN2-PN8). The change in the hypothalamic neuropeptide balance in response to leptin administration caused increased oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and physical activity which resulted in increased milk intake (PN14) with no change in body weight. This is in contrast to the reduction in milk intake with no effect on energy expenditure and physical activity observed in controls. We conclude that pre- and postnatal calorie restriction perturbs hypothalamic neuropeptide regulation of energy balance setting the stage for hyperphagia and reduced energy expenditure, hallmarks of obesity. Leptin in turn reverses this phenotype by increasing hypothalamic ObRb signaling (sensitivity) and affecting only the orexigenic arm of the neuropeptide balance.
2014-12-31 | GSE55384 | GEO
Project description:Obesity occurs when energy expenditure is outweighed by food intake. Tuberal hypothalamic nuclei, including the arcuate nucleus (ARC), ventromedial nucleus (VMH), and dorsomedial nucleus (DMH), regulate feeding amount as well as energy expenditure. Here we report that mice lacking circadian nuclear receptors REV-ERBa and b in the tuberal hypothalamus (HDKO) gain excessive weight on an obesogenic diet due both to decreased energy expenditure and increased food consumption during the light phase. Moreover, rebound food intake after fasting is markedly increased in HDKO mice. Integrative transcriptomic and cistromic analyses revealed that such disruption in feeding behavior is due to perturbed REV-ERB-dependent leptin signaling in the ARC. Indeed, in vivo leptin sensitivity is impaired in HDKO mice on an obesogenic diet in a circadian manner. Thus, REV-ERBs play a crucial role in hypothalamic regulation of food intake and circadian leptin sensitivity in diet-induced obesity.
2020-10-11 | GSE148599 | GEO
Project description:Obesity occurs when energy expenditure is outweighed by food intake. Tuberal hypothalamic nuclei, including the arcuate nucleus (ARC), ventromedial nucleus (VMH), and dorsomedial nucleus (DMH), regulate feeding amount as well as energy expenditure. Here we report that mice lacking circadian nuclear receptors REV-ERBa and b in the tuberal hypothalamus (HDKO) gain excessive weight on an obesogenic diet due both to decreased energy expenditure and increased food consumption during the light phase. Moreover, rebound food intake after fasting is markedly increased in HDKO mice. Integrative transcriptomic and cistromic analyses revealed that such disruption in feeding behavior is due to perturbed REV-ERB-dependent leptin signaling in the ARC. Indeed, in vivo leptin sensitivity is impaired in HDKO mice on an obesogenic diet in a circadian manner. Thus, REV-ERBs play a crucial role in hypothalamic regulation of food intake and circadian leptin sensitivity in diet-induced obesity.
2020-10-11 | GSE148641 | GEO
Project description:Hypothalamic oxidative stress provokes leptin and insulin resistance
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