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Acetate promotes T cell effector function during glucose restriction [ATAC-seq]

ABSTRACT: Competition for nutrients like glucose can metabolically restrict T cells and contribute to their hyporesponsiveness during cancer. Metabolic adaptation to the surrounding microenvironment is therefore key for maintaining appropriate cell function. For instance, cancer cells use acetate as a substrate alternative to glucose to fuel metabolism and growth. Here we show that acetate rescued effector function in glucose-restricted CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, acetate promoted histone acetylation and chromatin accessibility, and enhanced IFN-γ gene transcription and cytokine production in an acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACSS)-dependent manner. Ex vivo acetate treatment increased IFN-γ production by exhausted T cells, while reducing ACSS expression in T cells impaired IFN-γ production by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor clearance. Thus, hyporesponsive T cells can be epigenetically remodeled and reactivated by acetate, suggesting that pathways regulating the use of substrates alternative to glucose could be therapeutically targeted to promote T cell function during cancer.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE128592 | GEO | 2019/05/14

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Acetate promotes T cell effector function during glucose restriction [RNA-seq]

Project description:Competition for nutrients like glucose can metabolically restrict T cells and contribute to their hyporesponsiveness during cancer. Metabolic adaptation to the surrounding microenvironment is therefore key for maintaining appropriate cell function. For instance, cancer cells use acetate as a substrate alternative to glucose to fuel metabolism and growth. Here we show that acetate rescued effector function in glucose-restricted CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, acetate promoted histone acetylation and chromatin accessibility, and enhanced IFN-γ gene transcription and cytokine production in an acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACSS)-dependent manner. Ex vivo acetate treatment increased IFN-γ production by exhausted T cells, while reducing ACSS expression in T cells impaired IFN-γ production by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor clearance. Thus, hyporesponsive T cells can be epigenetically remodeled and reactivated by acetate, suggesting that pathways regulating the use of substrates alternative to glucose could be therapeutically targeted to promote T cell function during cancer.

2019-05-14 | GSE128591 | GEO

Acetate promotes T cell effector function during glucose restriction [ChIP-seq]

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Ionomycin Treatment Renders NK cells Hyporesponsive

Project description:Natural killer cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes important in immune responses to cancer and multiple pathogens. However, chronic activation of NK cells can induce a hyporesponsive state. The molecular basis of the mechanisms underlying the generation and maintenance of this hyporesponsive state are unknown, thus an easy and reproducible mechanism able to induce hyporesponsiveness on human NK cells would be very useful to gain understanding of this process. Human NK cells treated with ionomycin lose their ability to degranulate and secrete IFN-γ in response to a variety of stimuli, but IL-2 stimulation can compensate these defects. Apart from reductions in the expression of CD11a/CD18, no great changes were observed in the activating and inhibitory receptors expressed by these NK cells, however their transcriptional signature is different to that described for other hyporesponsive lymphocytes.

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A single intradermal injection of IFN-gamma induces a psoriasis-like state in both non-lesional psoriatic and healthy skin

Project description:Psoriasis is a chronic, debilitating, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease. As IFN-gamma is involved in many cellular processes, including activation of T cells and dendritic cells (DCs), antigen processing and presentation, cell adhesion and trafficking, and cytokine and chemokine production, IFN-gamma-producing Th1 cells were proposed to be integral to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Recently, IFN-gamma was shown to enhance IL-23 and IL-1 production by DCs and subsequently induce Th17 cells, important contributors to the inflammatory cascade in psoriasis lesions. To determine if IFN-gamma indeed induces the pathways leading to the development of psoriasis lesions, a single intradermal injection of IFN-gamma was administered to an area of clinically normal, non-lesional skin of psoriasis patients and biopsies were collected 24 hours later. Although there were no visible changes in the skin, IFN-gamma induced molecular and histological features characteristic of psoriasis lesions. IFN-gamma increased a number of differentially expressed genes in the skin, including many chemokines concomitant with an influx of T cells and inflammatory DCs. Furthermore, inflammatory DC products TNF, iNOS, IL-23, and TRAIL were present in IFN-gamma-treated skin. Thus, IFN-gamma, which is significantly elevated in non-lesional skin compared to healthy skin, appears to be a key pathogenic cytokine that can induce the inflammatory cascade in psoriasis. RNA was isolated from whole skin punch biopsies of either healthy or non-lesional psoraisis patients at baseline or 24 hours after placebo or IFN-g injection.

2011-11-30 | E-GEOD-32407 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Expression data from CD4+IL-4gfp+ Th2 cells isolated from BALB/c IL-4gfp 4get mice infected with the filarial nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis.

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Interleukin-10 causes interferon γ-dependent emergency myelopoiesis

Project description:In emergency myelopoiesis (EM), expansion of the myeloid progenitor compartment and increased myeloid cell production is observed, often mediated by the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ. IL-10 inhibits IFN-γ secretion, largely by its effects on macrophages and dendritic cells, but, paradoxically, its therapeutic administration to humans causes hematologic changes similar to those observed in EM. In this work we used different in vivo systems, including a humanized immune system mouse model, to show that IL-10 triggers EM, with a significant expansion of the myeloid progenitor compartment and production of myeloid cells. Hematopoietic progenitors display a prominent IFN-γ transcriptional signature, and we show that IFN-γ mediates IL-10-driven EM. We also found that IL-10, unexpectedly, induces IFN-γ production by all T cell subsets in vivo. Therefore, in addition to its established anti-inflammatory properties, IL-10 can induce IFN-γ production and EM, opening new perspectives for the design of IL-10-based immunotherapies.

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Interleukin-10 causes interferon-γ-dependent emergency myelopoiesis

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Transcription profiling of human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with Interferon-gamma (IFN-g), Borrelia burgdorferi or both IFN-g and Borrelia or untreated to investigate immune responses to Lyme disease

Project description:Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, promotes pro-inflammatory changes in endothelium that lead to the recruitment of leukocytes. The host immune response to infection results in increased levels of IFN-gamma in the serum and lesions of Lyme disease patients that correlate with greater severity of disease. Therefore, the effect of IFN-gamma on the gene expression profile of primary human endothelial cells exposed to B. burgdorferi was determined. B. burgdorferi and IFN-gamma synergistically augmented the expression of 34 genes, seven of which encode chemokines. Six of these (CCL7, CCL8, CX3CL1, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11) attract T lymphocytes, and one (CXCL2) is specific for neutrophils. Synergistic production of the attractants for T cells was confirmed at the protein level. IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and LPS also cooperated with IFN-gamma to induce synergistic production of CXCL10 by endothelium, indicating that IFN-gamma potentiates inflammation in concert with a variety of mediators. An in vitro model of the blood vessel wall revealed that an increased number of human T lymphocytes traversed endothelium exposed to B. burgdorferi and IFN-gamma, as compared to unstimulated endothelial monolayers. In contrast, addition of IFN-gamma diminished the migration of neutrophils across B. burgdorferi-activated endothelium. IFN-gamma thus alters gene expression by endothelium exposed to B. burgdorferi in a manner that promotes recruitment of T cells and suppresses that of neutrophils. This modulation may facilitate the development of chronic inflammatory lesions in Lyme disease. Experiment Overall Design: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were stimulated with Interferon-gamma (IFN-g), Borrelia burgdorferi or both IFN-g and Borrelia or were left unstimulated. Affymetrix HGU133 plus 2.0 slides were used in duplicate for each condition.

2008-06-14 | E-GEOD-6092 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Interferon-γ response against C. burnetii of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the development of chronic Q fever

Project description:Background: Q fever is caused by the Coxiella burnetii, an intracellular bacterium that infects mononuclear cells. In some individuals, it causes a persistent cardiovascular infection (chronic Q fever). The aim of present study was to investigate the C. burnetii-induced IFN-γ response in chronic Q fever patients. Methods: IFN-γ was measured in supernatants of C. burnetii-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients. Gene-expression profiles of the IFN-γ pathway in PBMCs after incubation with C. burnetii were compared between chronic Q fever patients and control individuals. Results: IFN-γ production by PBMCs of chronic Q fever patients incubated with C. burnetii in vitro, was significantly higher compared to controls. In transcriptome analysis, genes downstream of IFN-γ were strongly upregulated in patients. Conclusion: Present study showed that IFN-γ production and the response to IFN-γ seems to be intact in chronic Q fever patients.

2016-03-13 | GSE66476 | GEO

Interferon gamma down-regulates miR-3473b to promote macrophage activation

Project description:Macrophages are major effector cells and antigen presenting cells of the innate immune system and classical activation of macrophage function requires interferon–γ (IFN-γ) pretreatment (priming) and TLR stimuli, which promotes inflammatory responses though high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lower level of the anti-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in microbicidal and tumoricidal effect. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of IFN-γ priming remains elusive. In this study, we explored the effect of IFN-γ on macrophages at miRNA level and discovered that miR-3473b, which was down-regulated after IFN-γ priming, could attenuate the priming effect of IFN-γ. Molecular study revealed that miR-3473b promoted Akt/GSK3 signaling and IL-10 production through directly targeting PTEN to suppress inflammatory response and tumor-suppressing capability of macrophages. In summary, our data demonstrate that IFN-γ beef up macrophage inflammatory response and tumor suppressing capacity by limiting miR-3473b-mediated PTEN suppression. Our work identified an IFN-γ/miR-3473b/Akt axis in the regulation of macrophage function and activation. the assay was performed with 5 μg total RNA samples from both normal BMM (labeled by Cy3) and BMM primed by IFN-γ (100U/ml) for 4 h(labeled by Cy5), normal BMM serves as control.

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