Allele-specific open chromatin in human neurons elucidates functional noncoding disease variants
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE129017 | GEO | 2020/05/05
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Allele-specific open chromatin in human neurons elucidates functional noncoding disease variants
| PRJNA529717 | ENA
Project description:The capacity to deal with stress declines during the aging process, and preservation of cellular stress responses is critical to healthy aging. The unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER) is one such conserved mechanism which is critical for the maintenance of several major functions of the ER during stress, including protein folding and lipid metabolism. Hyperactivation of the UPRER by overexpression of the major transcription factor, xbp-1s, solely in neurons drives lifespan extension as neurons send a neurotransmitter-based signal to other tissue to activate UPRER in a non-autonomous fashion. Previous work identified serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons in this signaling paradigm. To further expand our understanding of the neural circuitry that underlies the non-autonomous signaling of ER stress, we activated UPRER solely in glutamatergic, octopaminergic, and GABAergic neurons in C. elegans and paired whole-body transcriptomic analysis with functional assays. We found that UPRER-induced signals from glutamatergic neurons increased expression of canonical protein homeostasis pathways and octopaminergic neurons promoted pathogen response pathways, while minor, but statistically significant changes were observed in lipid metabolism-related genes with GABAergic UPRER activation. These findings provide further evidence for the distinct role neuronal subtypes play in driving the diverse response to ER stress.
2024-06-15 | E-MTAB-14132 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Prenatal exposure to synthetic corticosteroids can significantly alter postnatal development through changes in neurotransmitters, peptides and their receptors, and thus having long-lasting behavioral effects. Some of these changes have been observed in animal experiments, others also in humans prenatally exposed to synthetic corticosteroids. Here, we focused on transcriptomic changes within the ARC of rats prenatally exposed to either betamethasone or saline. The expression of transcriptome has been assessed by novel computational tools to determine complex changes that may have life-long effects on phenotype, i.e., behavior. Total of 18,094 unigenes were quantified in the hypothalamic ARC of P14 male and female rats prenatally exposed to betametasone used in this experiment. Out of these genes, Kyoto Encyclopedia for Genes and Genomes (http://www.genome.jp) selected 112 for the dopaminergic synapse, 75 for the GABAergic and 97 for the glutamatergic synapse. We further analyzed composition, topology and modulatory networks of the genomic fabric of the dopaminergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic synapse (the transcriptome of the most interconnected and stably expressed gene network responsible for specific transmission). Finally we investigated the M-bM-^@M-^\transcriptomic landscapeM-bM-^@M-^] of the GSF in the ARC of P14 males (M) and females (F) prenatally (G15) exposed to betamethasone (B) or saline (S). We combined in one measure (PWR = Pair-Wise Relevance) expression levels, controls and coordination of all pairs that can be formed by synapse genes with the other synapse genes, higher PWRs indicating larger influence of that gene pair to the fabric modulation. We found that prenatal exposure to betamethasone caused sex-dependent changes in the dopaminergic/GABA/glutamatergic synapse genes:. In males, 10 dopaminergic (9%), 4 GABAergic (5%) and 5 glutamatergic synapse genes (5%) were down-regulated. While in females, 9 dopaminergic (8%), 3 GABAergic (4%) and 6 glutamatergic (6%) synapse genes were downregulated. The data indicate that in both sexes the dopaminergic synapse was the most affected. In contrast, in control animals, no significant differences between male and female were present in these synapse genes. Since the most noticeable transcritpomic changes were found in the transcriptome of DA glutamatergic synapse, we investigated the expression of tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH) NMDA receptor subunits in the ARC. The western blot analyses and immunohistochemistry confirmed the sex-specific differences between prenatally betamethasone-exposed and saline-exposed P15 rats. Accordingly to the changes in gene expression, prenatal exposure to synthetic corticosteroids was associated with postnatal changes in behavior and susceptibility to certain types of seizures. While we did not find any significant impairements in normal behavioral patterns (open field activity), there was a sex-specific change in the novel object recognition test. We found that behavioral lateralization in females is lost after prenatal betamethasone exposure and both male and female prenatally betamethasone exposed rats were avoiding novelty. This trait is similar to children with autism and suggests that certain elements of autistic behaviors can be present after prenatal exposure to synthetic corticosteroids. Additionally, there were changes in the search patterns in the Morris water maze as well as in the Barnes maze. In conclusion, our work is consistent with findings of profound reprogramming changes in the brain after prenatal corticosteroid exposure associated with alterations cognitive functions and seizure susceptibility. Two-sexes (M, F) x two-condition (B = betamethasone prenataly exposed vs S = saline prenataly exposed) experiment. Biological replicates: 4 MS, 4 FS, 4 MB, 4 FB.
2013-03-06 | E-GEOD-44858 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Our work describes novel roles for EZH2 in the specification of cortical neurons. Previous reports established the current model of EZH2-mediated control of neuronal progenitors differentiation through the regulation of their proliferation and developmental transitions. We built on these findings and studied the role of EZH2 in post-mitotic glutamatergic neurons differentiated from embryonic stem cells, a particularly relevant cell type where the impact of its regulation has thus far remained elusive. Briefly, our key results can be summarized as follows: 1. The conditional deletion of EZH2 at the moment of cell cycle exit in neural progenitors allowed us to study the role of EZH2 selectively in post-mitotic glutamatergic neurons. 2. Time course transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses of H3K27me3 in absence of EZH2 revealed a significant dysregulation of transcriptional networks affecting synaptic plasticity, in particular long term depression. 3. These analyses also revealed potential novel roles of EZH2 in controlling the regulation between the glutamatergic signature and the GABAergic one, suggesting a mechanism entailing failure of Prdm13 repression, a histone methyltransferase with a known role in determining GABAergic neurons specification.
2022-03-28 | E-MTAB-11363 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Our work describes novel roles for EZH2 in the specification of cortical neurons. Previous reports established the current model of EZH2-mediated control of neuronal progenitors differentiation through the regulation of their proliferation and developmental transitions. We built on these findings and studied the role of EZH2 in post-mitotic glutamatergic neurons differentiated from embryonic stem cells, a particularly relevant cell type where the impact of its regulation has thus far remained elusive. Briefly, our key results can be summarized as follows: 1. The conditional deletion of EZH2 at the moment of cell cycle exit in neural progenitors allowed us to study the role of EZH2 selectively in post-mitotic glutamatergic neurons. 2. Time course transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses of H3K27me3 in absence of EZH2 revealed a significant dysregulation of transcriptional networks affecting synaptic plasticity, in particular long term depression. 3. These analyses also revealed potential novel roles of EZH2 in controlling the regulation between the glutamatergic signature and the GABAergic one, suggesting a mechanism entailing failure of Prdm13 repression, a histone methyltransferase with a known role in determining GABAergic neurons specification.
2022-04-18 | E-MTAB-11387 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Mutations in PARK15, which encodes for the F-box protein FBXO7 have been associated with Parkinsonian Pyramidal syndrome, a rare and complex movement disorder with Parkinsonian symptoms, pyramidal tract signs and juvenile onset. Our previous study showed that systemic loss of Fbxo7 in mice causes motor defects and premature death. We have also demonstrated that FBXO7 has a crucial role in neurons as the specific deletion in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive or glutamatergic forebrain neurons leads to late-onset or early-onset motor dysfunction, respectively. In this study, we examined NEXCre; Fbxo7fl/fl mice, in which Fbxo7 was specifically deleted in glutamatergic projection neurons. The effects of FBXO7 deficiency on striatal integrity were investigated with HPLC and histological analyses. NEX-Cre;Fbxo7fl/fl mice revealed an increase in striatal dopamine concentrations, changes in the glutamatergic, GABAergic and dopaminergic pathways, astrogliosis and microgliosis and little or no neuronal loss in the striatum. To determine the effects on the integrity of the synapse, we purified synaptic membranes, subjected them to quantitative mass spectrometry analysis and found alterations in the complement system, endocytosis and exocytosis pathways. These neuropathological changes coincide with alterations in spontaneous home cage behavior. Taken together, our findings suggest that FBXO7 is crucial for corticostriatal projections and the synaptic integrity of the striatum, and consequently for proper motor control.
2023-09-18 | PXD044119 | Pride
Project description:Using CRISPR/Cas9 to generate an hiPSC line with SETD1A haploinsufficiency and differentiating it into glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, we found that SETD1A haploinsufficiency resulted in altered neuronal network activity, which was predominantly defined by increased network burst frequency, whereas unchanged global firing activity. In individual neurons, this network phenotype was reflected functionally by increased synchronized synaptic inputs and structurally by increased somatodendritic complexity in both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. The transcriptome profile in SETD1A haploinsufficient neurons demonstrated perturbations in gene sets associated with schizophrenia, synaptic transmission, and glutamatergic synaptic function. In addition, transcriptomic data suggested cAMP/PKA pathway might be disturbed in SETD1A haploinsufficient networks, which was further verified by pharmacological experiments.
2021-07-23 | GSE180648 | GEO
Project description:Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a psychiatric disorder with a strong genetic determinant. A major hypothesis to explain disease aetiology comprises synaptic dysfunction associated with excitatory-inhibitory imbalance of synaptic transmission, ultimately contributing to impaired network oscillation and cognitive deficits associated with the disease. Here, we studied the morphological and functional properties of a highly defined co-culture of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from patients with idiopathic SCZ. Our results indicate upregulation of synaptic genes and increased excitatory synapse formation on GABAergic neurons in co-cultures. In parallel, we observed decreased lengths of axon initial segments, concordant with data from postmortem brains from patients with SCZ. Patch-clamp analyses revealed differential processing of excitatory input with markedly increased spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSC) recorded from GABAergic SCZ neurons and decreased spontaneous EPSC from glutamatergic SCZ neurons. Likewise, we observed decreased amplitudes of calcium signals selectively in GABAergic neurons while frequency was increased in both neuronal populations. Finally, MEA recordings from neuronal networks indicate increased synchronization of network activity. In conclusion, our results suggest selective deregulation of neuronal activity and synaptic transmission in SCZ samples, providing evidence for differential signal processing in GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons as a potential base for aberrant network synchronization.
2024-11-25 | GSE282524 | GEO
Project description:The epigenome of human brain cells encompasses key information in understanding brain function in both healthy and diseased states. To further explore this, we used ATAC-seq to profile chromatin structure in four distinct populations of cells (glutamatergic neurons, GABAergic neurons, oligodendrocytes, and microglia/astrocytes), from three different regions of the brain. Chromatin accessibility was found to vary vastly by cell type and, more moderately, by brain region, with glutamatergic neurons showing the greatest regional variability. Transcription factor footprinting pointed to cell-specific transcriptional regulators and inferred cell-specific regulation of protein coding genes, long intergenic noncoding RNAs, and microRNAs. In vivo transgenic mouse experiments validated the cell type specificity of a number of human-derived regulatory sequences. Open chromatin regions in glutamatergic neurons were enriched for neuropsychiatric risk variants, particularly those associated with schizophrenia. Combining differential chromatin accessibility analysis using ATAC-seq data from bulk tissue increased our statistical power to confirm glutamatergic neurons as the cell type most affected in schizophrenia. Jointly, these findings illustrate the utility of studying the cell type specific epigenome in complex tissues such as the human brain and implicate an association among chromatin accessibility in glutamatergic neurons and genetic risk for schizophrenia.
2020-08-20 | GSE143666 | GEO