Transcriptomic profiling of bat immune responses (e. spelaea)
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Eonycteris spelaea
PROVIDER: GSE129199 | GEO | 2020/02/12
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:To examine the fundamental immunity in bats, particularly the status of their innate immune system in the basal healthy state, we profile Pteropus alecto bat tissue with Deep NGS coverage. This is coupled to a paired experiment where bats were stimulated in vivo with various PRR ligands to activate immune pathways.
2020-02-12 | GSE129377 | GEO
Project description:Jamaican fruit bats (Artibeus jamaicensis) naturally harbor a wide range of viruses of human relevance. These infections are typically mild in bats, suggesting unique features of their immune system. To better understand the immune response to viral infections in bats, we infected Jamaican fruit bats with the bat-derived influenza A virus H18N11. Using comparative single-cell RNA sequencing, we generated a single-cell atlas of the Jamaican fruit bat intestine and mesentery, the target organs of infection. Gene expression profiling showed that H18N11 infection resulted in a moderate induction of interferon-stimulated genes and transcriptional activation of immune cells. H18N11 infection was prominent in various leukocytes, including macrophages, B cells, and NK/T cells. Confirming these findings, human leukocytes, particularly macrophages, were also susceptible to H18N11, highlighting the zoonotic potential of this virus. Our study provides insight into the virus-host relationship and thus serves as a fundamental resource for further characterization of bat immunology.
2024-05-06 | GSE243982 | GEO
Project description:To examine innate immune signalling, IFN baseline and IRF-regulation, we profile Pteropus alecto bat kidney epithelial cells (PakiT03) with Deep NGS coverage. Clonal cell lines were also isolated with CrispR KO for IRF1, IRF3, IRF7, IFNAR2 or IFNAR2/IRF7 double KO.
2020-03-29 | GSE129390 | GEO
Project description:Background: Coevolution between pathogens and their hosts decreases host morbidity and mortality. Bats can tolerate viruses which can be lethal to other vertebrate orders, including humans. Bat adaptations to infection include localized immune response, early pathogen sensing, high interferon expression without pathogen stimulation, and regulated inflammatory response. The immune reaction is costly, and bats suppress high-cost metabolism during torpor. In the temperate zone, bats hibernate in winter, utilizing a specific behavioural adaptation to survive detrimental environmental conditions and lack of energy resources. Hibernation torpor involves major physiological changes that pose an additional challenge to bat-pathogen coexistence. Here, we compared bat cellular reaction to viral challenge under conditions simulating hibernation, evaluating the changes between torpor and euthermia. Results: We infected the olfactory nerve-derived cell culture of Myotis myotis with an endemic bat pathogen, European bat lyssavirus 1 (EBLV-1). After infection, the bat cells were cultivated at two different temperatures – 37 ◦ C and 5 ◦ C - to examine the cell response during conditions simulating euthermia and torpor, respectively. The mRNA isolated from the cells was sequenced and analysed for differential gene expression attributable to the temperature and/or infection treatment. In conditions simulating euthermia, infected bat cells produce an excess signalling by multitude of pathways involved in apoptosis and immune regulation influencing proliferation of regulatory cell types which can, in synergy with other produced cytokines, contribute to viral tolerance. We found no up- or downregulated genes expressed in infected cells cultivated at conditions simulating torpor compared to non-infected cells cultivated under the same conditions. When studying the reaction of uninfected cells to the temperature treatment, bat cells show an increased production of heat shock proteins (HSPs) with chaperone activity, improving the bat’s ability to repair molecular structures damaged due to the stress related to the temperature change. Conclusions: The lack of bat cell reaction to infection in conditions simulating hibernation may contribute to the virus tolerance or persistence in bats. Together with the cell damage repair mechanisms induced in response to hibernation, the immune regulation may promote bats’ ability to act as reservoirs of zoonotic viruses such as lyssaviruses.
2023-03-29 | GSE228404 | GEO
Project description:Bats harbor highly virulent viruses that can infect other mammals, including humans, posing questions about their immune tolerance mechanisms. Bat cells employ multiple strategies to limit virus replication and virus-induced immunopathology, but the coexistence of bats and fatal viruses remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) pathway in bat cells and discovered that they have an enhanced antiviral RNAi response, producing canonical viral small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) upon Sindbis virus (SINV) infection that were missing in human cells. Disruption of Dicer function resulted in increased viral load for three different RNA viruses in bat cells, indicating an interferon-independent antiviral pathway. Furthermore, our findings reveal the simultaneous engagement of Dicer and pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), such as retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), with double-stranded RNA, suggesting that Dicer attenuates the interferon response initiation in bat cells. These insights advance our comprehension of the distinctive strategies bats employ to coexist with viruses.
2024-07-12 | PXD053906 | Pride
Project description:Bats harbor highly virulent viruses that can infect other mammals, including humans, posing questions about their immune tolerance mechanisms. Bat cells employ multiple strategies to limit virus replication and virus-induced immunopathology, but the coexistence of bats and fatal viruses remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) pathway in bat cells and discovered that they have an enhanced antiviral RNAi response, producing canonical viral small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) upon Sindbis virus (SINV) infection that were missing in human cells. Disruption of Dicer function resulted in increased viral load for three different RNA viruses in bat cells, indicating an interferon-independent antiviral pathway. Furthermore, our findings reveal the simultaneous engagement of Dicer and pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), such as retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), with double-stranded RNA, suggesting that Dicer attenuates the interferon response initiation in bat cells. These insights advance our comprehension of the distinctive strategies bats employ to coexist with viruses.
2024-07-12 | GSE221607 | GEO
Project description:Compared to other mammals, bats have increased longevity and higher resistance to cancer and infectious disease, in addition to their capacity for flight. This raises questions about bat metabolism. While prior studies have analyzed the metabolic requirements of flight, no study has integrated metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics to characterize bat metabolism. In this work, we characterize fundamental differences in central metabolism between fibroblast cell lines from a black fruit bat (Pteropus alecto) and human, by analyzing multi-omics data via computational modelling of metabolic flux.
2024-06-20 | PXD043121 | JPOST Repository
Project description:Bats are reservoirs of a number of highly pathogenic human viruses, yet they remain relatively asymptomatic during infection. Whether this viral resistance is due to a unique immune system is unknown. An evolutionarily conserved feature of vertebrate antiviral immunity is the interferon (IFN) response, which triggers cellular defenses through interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression. While bats encode an intact IFN system, global ISG expression patterns in bat cells are not well characterized. Here, we used RNA-Seq to assess the transcriptional response to IFNα in cells derived from the bat Pteropus alecto (black flying fox). We show induction of more than 100 transcripts, most of which are canonical ISGs observed in other species. Kinetic gene profiling revealed that P. alecto ISGs fall into two unique temporal subclusters with similar early induction kinetics but distinct late-phase declines. In contrast to bat ISGs, human ISGs generally remained elevated for longer periods following IFN treatment, suggesting host-based differences in gene regulatory mechanisms. Notably, we also identified a small group of non-canonical bat ISGs, including an enzymatically active RNASEL. These studies provide insight into the innate immune response of an important viral reservoir and lay a foundation for studies into the immunological features that may underlie a unique virus-host relationship in bats.
2017-11-28 | GSE102296 | GEO
Project description:Dermal fibroblasts from bat and human, stimulated with dsRNA (poly(I:C)) and controls. Bats can harbor some of the most deadliest viruses to humans while rarely displaying pathogenicity themselves. To study the transcriptional divergence and cell-to-cell variability of their innate immune response - the expression program that is initiated once a pathogen is sensed, we stimulated dermal fibroblast cells from Rousettus aegyptiacus and from human for four hours with dsRNA - a viral RNA mimic that triggers a rapid innate immune response. Subsequently, we profiled the response using scRNA-seq.
2022-10-01 | E-MTAB-11056 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The only freely flying mammals, bats, develop a pair of dramatically elongated hands and broad wing membranes. It is hypothesized that alterations of many gene expressions result in the bat wing formation. However, it remains to be proved. Here, by mRNA-seq, we found that hundreds of genes are significantly high expressed in the elongating forelimb digits. mRNA-seq data of 14 autopod samples from embryonic bats (Miniopterus schreibersii) were obtained by Illumina HiSeq 2000.
2014-04-14 | E-GEOD-50699 | biostudies-arrayexpress