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KRASG12C inhibition produces a driver-limited state revealing collateral dependencies

ABSTRACT: Inhibitors targeting KRASG12C, a mutant form of the guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) KRAS, are a promising new class of oncogene-specific therapeutics for the treatment of tumors driven by the mutant protein. These molecules react with the mutant cysteine residue by binding covalently to the switch-II pocket (S-IIP) that is present only in the inactive guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound state of KRASG12C, sparing the wild-type protein. We used a genome-scale CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) functional genomics platform to systematically identify genetic interactions with the KRASG12C inhibitor in cellular models of KRASG12C mutant lung and pancreatic cancer. Our data revealed genes that were selectively essential in this oncogenic driver-limited cell state, meaning their loss enhanced cellular susceptibility to direct KRASG12C inhibition. We termed such genes “collateral dependencies” (CDs), and identified two classes of combination therapies targeting these CDs that increased KRASG12C target engagement or blocked residual survival pathways in cells and in vivo. From our findings, we also propose a new framework for assessing genetic dependencies with driver oncogenes.

OTHER RELATED OMICS DATASETS IN: PXD013075

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE130616 | GEO | 2019/05/03

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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KRASG12C inhibition produces a driver-limited state revealing collateral dependencies

Project description:Inhibitors targeting KRASG12C are a promising new class of oncogene-specific therapeutics for the treatment of tumors driven by KRASG12C mutations. These molecules react with the mutant cysteine residue by binding covalently to the switch-II pocket present only in the inactive-GDP state of KRASG12C, sparing the wild type protein. We systematically probe genetic interactions with direct KRASG12C inhibition in cellular models of KRASG12C mutant lung and pancreatic cancer using a genome-scale CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) functional genomics platform. Our data reveal that repression of genes selectively essential in an oncogenic driverlimited cell state, which we term collateral dependencies (CDs), enhances cellular susceptibility to direct KRASG12C inhibition. We nominate two classes of combination therapies targeting CDs that increase KRASG12C target engagement or block residual survival pathways. We demonstrate in vitro and in vivo that both classes enhance response to anti-KRASG12C therapy and propose a new framework for assessing genetic dependencies with driver oncogenes.

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