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Specialized ribosomal protein genes promote drug resistance through modulation of translation

ABSTRACT: Ribosomes are ubiquitous ribonucleoprotein complexes required for protein synthesis. We show that in budding yeast exposure to drugs alters ribosome composition leading to modification of translation pattern and increased resistance to drug. Exposure to staurosporine repressed translation of cell wall protein genes. Expression of the major paralog of uL30/RPL7 increased cell sensitivity to staurosporine while expression of the minor paralog induced resistance. Remarkably, we found that differences in paralogs function was due to difference in the translation pattern. The minor paralog promoted the translation of cell wall genes with long open reading frames (ORFs), which are normally under-translated in the presence of the major paralog, leading to drug resistance. Reducing the ORF length repressed the minor paralog and staurosporine effects on translation. Together the data reveal a natural mechanism for the optimization of translation through changes in the identity of ribosomal protein genes.

ORGANISM(S): Saccharomyces cerevisiae

PROVIDER: GSE133457 | GEO | 2020/03/09

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Purpose: Compare the transcriptional profile of staurosporine-treated cells in Neurospora crassa wild type and M-NM-^Tczt-1 (M-NM-^TNCU09974) cells Methods: Conidial suspensions were obtained and 1 x 106 cells/ml incubated in minimal medium for 6 hours (26M-BM-:C, 140 rpm, constant light) followed by the addition of staurosporine (or DMSO) and growth for 1 more hour. Cells were harvested using 0.45 M-NM-<m filters and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. Total RNA was isolated by the Trizol-Phenol-Chloroform method. After digestion of 25 M-NM-<g RNA with TURBO DNAse (Life Technologies), mRNA was purified using Dynabeads oligo(dT) magnetic beads (Life Technologies). The mRNA was chemically fragmented using the Ambion RNA fragmentation kit (Life Technologies). First and second strand cDNA synthesis was achieved using appropriate kits (Life Technologies). The illumina TruSeq kit was employed to generate the cDNA libraries with indexing adapters essentially following the manufacturerM-bM-^@M-^Ys protocol. After purification of the libraries with AMPure XP beads (Roche), the quality of the libraries was analysed in a Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer. The cDNA libraries were sequenced in a illumina HiSeq2000 and single reads of 50 bp were obtained. Sequencing data was handled essentially with Tophat, Cufflinks and Cuffdiff. Expression levels are presented as Fragments/Reads Per Kilobase of transcript per Million mapped reads (FPKM/RPKM). Results: Transcriptional profiling of staurosporine-treated cells wild type by RNA-sequencing showed that genes encoding the machinery for protein synthesis are enriched among the genes repressed by the drug. Functional category enrichment analyses also show that genes encoding components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain are downregulated by staurosporine, whereas genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum activities are upregulated. In contrast, a staurosporine-treated czt-1 deletion strain is unable to repress the genes for the respiratory chain and to induce the genes related with the endoplasmic reticulum, indicating a role for CZT-1 on the regulation of activity of these organelles. Conclusions: This transcriptional profiling study is framed in a comprehensive study on the role of the novel transcription factor CZT-1 (NCU09974) in Neurospora crassa. Transcriptional profile of wild type and M-NM-^Tczt-1 cells staurosporine-treated cells in Neurospora crassa was compared using illumina HiSeq2000 and single reads of 50 bp.

Project description:Purpose: Compare the transcriptional profile of staurosporine-treated cells in Neurospora crassa wild type and Δczt-1 (ΔNCU09974) cells Methods: Conidial suspensions were obtained and 1 x 106 cells/ml incubated in minimal medium for 6 hours (26ºC, 140 rpm, constant light) followed by the addition of staurosporine (or DMSO) and growth for 1 more hour. Cells were harvested using 0.45 μm filters and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. Total RNA was isolated by the Trizol-Phenol-Chloroform method. After digestion of 25 μg RNA with TURBO DNAse (Life Technologies), mRNA was purified using Dynabeads oligo(dT) magnetic beads (Life Technologies). The mRNA was chemically fragmented using the Ambion RNA fragmentation kit (Life Technologies). First and second strand cDNA synthesis was achieved using appropriate kits (Life Technologies). The illumina TruSeq kit was employed to generate the cDNA libraries with indexing adapters essentially following the manufacturer’s protocol. After purification of the libraries with AMPure XP beads (Roche), the quality of the libraries was analysed in a Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer. The cDNA libraries were sequenced in a illumina HiSeq2000 and single reads of 50 bp were obtained. Sequencing data was handled essentially with Tophat, Cufflinks and Cuffdiff. Expression levels are presented as Fragments/Reads Per Kilobase of transcript per Million mapped reads (FPKM/RPKM). Results: Transcriptional profiling of staurosporine-treated cells wild type by RNA-sequencing showed that genes encoding the machinery for protein synthesis are enriched among the genes repressed by the drug. Functional category enrichment analyses also show that genes encoding components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain are downregulated by staurosporine, whereas genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum activities are upregulated. In contrast, a staurosporine-treated czt-1 deletion strain is unable to repress the genes for the respiratory chain and to induce the genes related with the endoplasmic reticulum, indicating a role for CZT-1 on the regulation of activity of these organelles. Conclusions: This transcriptional profiling study is framed in a comprehensive study on the role of the novel transcription factor CZT-1 (NCU09974) in Neurospora crassa.

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Specialized ribosomal protein genes promote drug resistance through modulation of translation

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