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FXR isoform selective effects on hepatoma cell line HepG2

ABSTRACT: The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor activated by bile acids that regulates bile acid metabolism, glucose and cholesterol homeostasis. FXR is expressed as four isoforms (α1-4), and their relative abundance is tissue specific. Human livers express predominantly FXR isoforms α1 and α2. From mouse studies we know that the FXR agonist obeticholic acid (OCA) regulates expression of many genes in the liver. However, there is currently no data on the effects of OCA on FXR isoform selective gene regulation. This is particularly relevant since the relative FXR isoform amounts in the liver are regulated by general bioenergetic cues (Correia JC et al. 2015). In this study we investigate the effect of variations in FXR isoforms α1 or α2 expression on HepG2 cell lines response to treatment with OCA.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE133659 | GEO | 2020/07/27

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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FXR isoform selective DNA binding in mouse liver organoids

Project description:The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor activated by bile acids that regulates metabolic processes. FXR is expressed as four isoforms (α1-4), and their relative abundance is specific to tissue and bio-energetic conditions (Correia JC et al. 2015). Depending on the FXR isoform expressed, there is a degree of selectivity in target-genes activation. However, there is currently no data on how isoform-linked target selectivity is achieved. In this study we investigate the DNA binding profile of FXR isoforms on mouse liver organoids treated briefly with the FXR agonist obeticholic acid (OCA). From this analysis we concluded that FXR isoforms α2 and α4 binds to additional DNA regions, enriched for a specific discriminating binding motif. This binding led to isoform-selective gene regulation. Therefore, DNA binding selectivity therefore plays a defining role in FXR isoform-specific effects.

2020-07-27 | GSE133700 | GEO

FXR isoform selective transcriptional activation in mouse liver organoids

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Gene expression profiling and TF occupancy upon treatment with the FXR agonist obeticholic acid

Project description:The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor activated by bile acids and regulates bile acid metabolism, glucose and cholesterol homeostasis. From mouse studies we know that the novel FXR agonist obeticholic acid (OCA) regulates expression of many genes in the liver, but there is currently no data on the effects of OCA on human liver gene expression. This is especially relevant since the novel FXR agonist OCA is currently tested in clinical trials for the treatment of several diseases, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Type 2 Diabetes. In this study we investigate the effect of OCA treatment on gene expression profiles and localization of FXR to the genome in relevant liver samples. ChIP-Seq for FXR in Liver tissue from 2 male mice treated with OCA/INT-747 (10mg/kg/day) and 2 male mice treated with vehicle (1% methyl cellulose).

2016-01-27 | E-GEOD-73624 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gene expression profiling and TF occupancy upon treatment with the FXR agonist obeticholic acid

2016-01-27 | GSE73624 | GEO

Gene expression profiling in human precision-cut liver slices upon treatment with the FXR agonist obeticholic acid [mouse]

Project description:Background: The bile acid-activated farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor regulating bile acid, glucose and cholesterol homeostasis. Obeticholic acid (OCA; also known as INT-747 or 6α-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid), a promising drug for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and type 2 diabetes, activates FXR. Mouse studies demonstrated that FXR activation by OCA (INT-747) alters hepatic expression of many genes. However, no data are available on the effects of OCA in human liver. Here, we generated gene expression profiles in human precision-cut liver slices (hPCLS) after treatment with OCA. Methods: hPCLS were incubated with OCA for 24 h. WT or FXR -/- mice received OCA or vehicle by oral gavage for 7 days. Results: Transcriptomic analysis showed that well-known FXR target genes, including NR0B2 (SHP), ABCB11 (BSEP), SLC51A (OSTα) and SLC51B (OSTβ) and ABCB4 (MDR3), are regulated by OCA in hPCLS. Ingenuity pathway analysis confirmed that 'FXR/RXR activation' is the most significantly changed pathway upon OCA treatment. Comparison of gene expression profiles in hPCLS and mouse livers identified 18 common potential FXR targets. ChIP-sequencing in mouse liver confirmed FXR binding to IR1 sequences of Akap13, Cgnl1, Dyrk3, Pdia5, PPP1R3B and Tbx6. Conclusions: Our study shows that hPCLS respond to OCA treatment by upregulating well-known FXR target genes, demonstrating its suitability to study FXR-mediated gene regulation. We identified 6 novel bona-fide FXR target genes in both mouse and human liver. Finally, we discuss a possible explanation for changes in HDL/LDL observed in NASH and primary biliary cirrhosis patients treated with OCA based on the genomic expression profile in hPCLS.

2016-01-27 | GSE76162 | GEO

Gene expression profiling in human precision-cut liver slices upon treatment with the FXR agonist obeticholic acid [human]

2016-01-27 | GSE76161 | GEO

Increased hepatoprotective effects of the novel farnesoid X receptor agonist INT-787 versus obeticholic acid in a mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

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2024-04-11 | GSE263273 | GEO

FXR controls gene expression independently of RXR at non-canonical response elements

Project description:The Farnesoid-X-Receptor (FXR) is a class II nuclear receptor (NR), a class that obligately heterodimerizes with the Retinoid-X-Receptor (RXR). FXR is expressed as 4 isoforms (α1-α4) activated by bile acids that drive transcription from response elements IR-1 (inverted repeat-1). We recently showed that FXR isoforms α2 and α4 bind to non-canonical response elements ER-2 (everted repeat-2), thereby increasing mitochondrial respiratory capacity and limiting de novo lipogenesis. Binding to ER-2 motifs in mouse liver organoids represented 89% of all FXR genome wide binding. However, mechanistic differences in FXR binding and activation from these two response elements remained unexplored. Using DNA pull down followed by mass-spectrometry, we show that RXR is not involved in FXR binding to ER-2 response elements. Instead, RXR inhibited FXR binding and activation from these elements in luciferase reporters. Genome wide, RXR-lacking FXR binding sites showed higher enrichment for ER-2 motifs in mouse liver. Pharmacological and mutational abrogation of FXR-RXR heterodimerization specifically retained ER-2 transactivation capacities in luciferase reporters and HepG2 cells. Transcriptome-wide, 25% of FXR targets were inhibited upon RXR overexpression, but specifically activated by a novel heterodimerization-deficient mutant FXRα2L434R. These genes were ER-2 responsive and were involved in lipid metabolism and ammonia detoxification. In conclusion, we discovered that RXR is not required and even inhibits binding of FXRα2 to ER-2. Thus, whereas FXR α1 and α3 seem to be genuine class II NR, FXRα2 and α4 are facultative class II at ER-2 motifs. This novel feature holds promise to exploit and tailor therapeutic responses to FXR agonism.

2024-11-12 | PXD047930 | Pride

Role of Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) in Valproic acid-induced Hepatotoxicity

Project description:Drug-induced steatosis and steatohepatitis manifest clinically as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Drugs associated with steatosis include valproic acid (VPA). VPA has been one of the most widely used antiepileptic drugs over the past 40 years. However, clinical follow-up studies have reported that more than 40% of patients who received VPA also developed fatty liver disease. Steatosis is a typical clinical effect of VPA treatment and is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of lipids in liver cells. The aim of this study is to investigate whether activation of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) by obeticholic acid (OCA), which is an effective agent in the treatment of NAFLD, can also prevent VPA-induced steatosis. OCA is a synthetic bile acid derivative that potently activates FXR and the FXR-regulated pathways that maintain bile acid, lipid and glucose homeostasis. Female C57BL/6 mice were fed a standard chow diet or chow containing OCA (dose 250 mg/kg body weight) for four weeks. Each group was then divided into two sub-groups: one co-treated with VPA (dose 100 mg/kg body weight) and another treated with the same volume of H2O by oral gavage daily for an additional four weeks. Mice liver were isolated and RNA isolated for RNA-Seq.

2020-05-01 | GSE138810 | GEO

Tropifexor-Mediated Abrogation of Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis Is Associated With Antioxidative Gene Expression Profile in Rodents

Project description:Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonism is emerging as an important potential therapeutic mechanism of action for multiple chronic liver diseases. The bile acid–derived FXR agonist obeticholic acid (OCA; 6-ethyl chenodeoxycholic acid) has shown promise in a phase 2 study in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Here, we report efficacy of a novel, non–bile acid FXR agonist tropifexor (LJN452) in two distinct preclinical models of NASH. The efficacy of tropifexor at <1 mg/kg doses was superior to that of OCA at 25 mg/kg in the liver in both NASH models. In a chemical and dietary model of NASH (STAM model), tropifexor reversed established fibrosis and reduced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score and hepatic triglycerides. In an insulin-resistant, obese NASH model (AMLN), tropifexor markedly reduced steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and profibrogenic gene expression. Transcriptome analysis of livers from AMLN mice revealed 461 differentially expressed genes following tropifexor treatment, which included a combination of signatures associated with reduction of oxidative stress, fibrogenesis, and inflammation. Conclusion: Based on the preclinical validation in animal models, tropifexor is a promising investigational therapy that is currently under phase 2 development for NASH.

2019-08-20 | GSE129389 | GEO

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