TRANSCRIPTOMIC PROFILING ACROSS THE SPECTRUM OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE135251 | GEO | 2020/12/03
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the most common type of chronic liver disease in children. The mechanisms that drive NAFLD disease progression in this specific patient population remains poorly defined. In this study, we gathered liver biopsy samples from a multiethnic cohort (71% Hispanic) of pediatric NAFLD patients (n=52, mean age=13.6 years) plus healthy liver controls (n=5). We analyzed transcriptomic changes associated with NAFLD disease progression using high-throughput RNA-sequencing. Unsupervised clustering as well as pairwise transcriptome comparison distinguished NAFLD from healthy livers. We identified perturbations in calcium and insulin/glucose signaling occurring early in NAFLD disease, prior to the presence of histopathologic evidence of advanced disease. Transcriptomic comparisons between low and advanced fibrosis identified a 25-gene signature associated with pediatric fibrotic liver progression. We also identified expression of the IGFBP gene family (1/2/3/7) as correlating with disease progression and it has the potential to be used as a peripheral biomarker in NAFLD. Comparing our dataset with publicly available adult transcriptomic data, we identified similarities and differences in pathway enrichment and gene expression profiles between adult and pediatric NAFLD patients. Regulation of genes including IL32, IGFBP1, IGFBP2, IGFBP7 was consistently found in both NAFLD populations, while IGFBP3 was specific to pediatric NAFLD. Conclusions: This paper expands our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms driving NAFLD and fibrosis in the pediatric population and aids future biomarker and therapeutics discovery.
2022-03-25 | GSE185051 | GEO
Project description:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease represents a spectrum of pathology that ranges from benign steatosis to potentially-progressive steatohepatitis and affects more than 30% of US adults. Advanced NAFLD is associated with increased morbidity and mortality from cirrhosis, primary liver cancer, cardiovascular disease and extrahepatic cancers. Accurate identification of patients at risk for advanced NAFLD is challenging. The aims of this study were to define the liver gene expression patterns that distinguish mild from advanced NAFLD and to develop a gene expression profile associated with advanced NAFLD. We analyzed total RNA from 72 patients with NAFLD (40 with mild NAFLD, fibrosis stage 0-1 and 32 with advanced NAFLD, fibrosis stage 3-4) and developed a gene profile associated with advanced NAFLD. This dataset is part of the TransQST collection.
2013-08-30 | E-GEOD-49541 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Background & Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFLD)-associated changes in gut microbiota are important drivers of disease progression toward fibrosis. Therefore, reversing microbiota alterations could ameliorate NAFLD progression. Oat beta-glucan, a non-digestible polysaccharides, has shown promising therapeutic effects on hyperlipidemia associated with NAFLD, but its impact on gut microbiota and most importantly NAFLD fibrosis remains unknown. Methods: We performed detailed metabolic phenotyping including body composition, glucose tolerance, and lipid metabolism as well as comprehensive characterization of the gut-liver axis in a western-style diet (WSD)-induced model of NAFLD and assessed the effect of a beta-glucan intervention on early and advanced liver disease. Gut microbiota was modulated using broad-spectrum antibiotic (Abx) treatment. Results: Oat beta-glucan supplementation did not affect WSD-induced body weight gain, glucose intolerance, and the metabolic phenotype remained largely unaffected. Interestingly, oat beta-glucan dampened NAFLD inflammation, associated with significantly reduced monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMFs) infiltration, fibroinflammatory gene expression, and strongly reduced fibrosis development. Mechanistically, this protective effect was not mediated by changes in bile acid composition or signaling, but was dependent on gut microbiota and was lost upon Abx treatment. Specifically, oat beta-glucan partially reversed unfavorable changes in gut microbiota, resulting in an expansion of protective taxa, including Ruminococcus, and Lactobacillus followed by reduced translocation of TLR ligands. Conclusions: Our findings identify oat beta-glucan as a highly efficacious food supplement that dampens inflammation and fibrosis development in diet-induced NAFLD. These results, along with its favorable dietary profile, suggest that it may be a cost-effective and well-tolerated approach to preventing NAFLD progression and should be assessed in clinical studies.
2024-01-01 | GSE246738 | GEO
Project description:Background and aims: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of liver disease including steatosis, fibrosis and liver cancer. Viral cure cannot fully eliminate the risk of disease progression and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in advanced liver disease. The mechanisms for establishment of infection, liver disease progression and hepatocarcinogenesis are only partially understood. To address these questions, we probed the functional proteogenomic architecture of HCV infection within a hepatocyte-model. Methods: Time-resolved HCV infection of hepatocyte-like cells was analyzed by RNA sequencing, proteomics, metabolomics, and leveraged by integrative genomic analyses. Using differential expression, gene set enrichment analyses, and protein-protein interaction mapping we identified pathways relevant for liver disease pathogenesis that we validated in livers of 216 cirrhotic patients with HCV. Results: We uncovered marked changes in the protein expression of gene sets involved in innate immunity, metabolism and hepatocarcinogenesis. In infected cells, HCV enhances glucose metabolism and creates a Warburg-like shift of the lactate flux. HCV infection impaired the formation of peroxisomes -organelles required for long-chain fatty acid oxidation- causing intracellular fatty acid accumulation, which is a hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Ex vivo studies confirmed perturbed peroxisomes and revealed an association of hepatic catalase expression with clinical outcomes and phenotypes in HCV-associated cirrhosis, NAFLD and HCC cohorts. Conclusion: Our integrative analyses uncover how HCV perturbs the hepatocyte cell circuits to drive chronic liver disease and hepatocarcinogenesis. This proteogenomic atlas of HCV infection provides a model for the discovery of novel drivers for viral- and non-viral induced liver disease.
2019-04-17 | GSE126831 | GEO
Project description:Background & Aims: Cirrhosis and liver cancer are potential outcomes of advanced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It is not clear what factors determine whether patients will develop advanced or mild NAFLD, limiting non-invasive diagnosis and treatment before clinical sequelae emerge. We investigated whether DNA methylation profiles can distinguish patients with mild disease from those with advanced NAFLD, and how these patterns are functionally related to hepatic gene expression. Methods: We collected frozen liver biopsies and clinical data from patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD (56 in the discovery cohort and 34 in the replication cohort). Samples were divided into groups based on histologic severity of fibrosis: F0?1 (mild) and F3?4 (advanced). DNA methylation profiles were determined and coupled with gene expression data from the same biopsies; differential methylation was validated in subsets of the discovery and replication cohorts. We then analyzed interactions between the methylome and transcriptome. Results: Clinical features did not differ between patients known to have mild or advanced fibrosis based on biopsy analysis. There were 69,247 differentially methylated CpG sites (76% hypomethylated, 24% hypermethylated) in patients with advanced vs mild NAFLD (P<.05). Methylation at FGFR2, MAT1A, and CASP1 was validated by bisulfite pyrosequencing and the findings were reproduced in the replication cohort. Methylation correlated with gene transcript levels for 7% of differentially methylated CpG sites, indicating that differential methylation contributes to differences in expression. In samples with advanced NAFLD, many tissue repair genes were hypomethylated and overexpressed, whereas genes in certain metabolic pathways, including 1-carbon metabolism, were hypermethylated and under-expressed. Conclusions: Functionally relevant differences in methylation can distinguish patients with advanced vs mild NAFLD. Altered methylation of genes that regulate processes such as steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis indicate the role of DNA methylation in progression of NAFLD. Three technical replicates were included for quality control along with 35 mild NAFLD (33 unique samples) and 24 advanced NAFLD (23 unique sample). One sample per technical duplication was randomly included for a total of 56 NAFLD samples used for study.
2013-08-30 | E-GEOD-49542 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), especially advanced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), have an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) due to the production of pro-inflammatory factors, vasoactive and thrombogenic molecules, or insulin resistance and related disorders. While elevated risk and incidence of CVD events in NAFLD/NASH are well established, whether such events will, in turn, influence the pathogenesis of NAFLD remains unknown. Here, we show that myocardial infarction (MI) accelerates the linear hepatic pathological progression of NAFLD. In humans, NAFLD patients who experienced CVD events after their diagnosis of NAFLD show a rapid progression of hepatic fibrosis. In mouse models of NASH, MI promotes hepatic fibrosis, accompanied by elevated circulating Ly6Chi monocytes and their recruitment to the damaged liver tissues. Depleting these cells abrogate MI-induced hepatic pathological effects in mice with NASH. Meanwhile, MI substantially elevates circulating and cardiac periostin contents, which act on hepatocytes and stellate cells to promote hepatic lipid accumulation and fibrosis, finally exacerbating hepatic pathological progression of NASH. Additionally, specific silence of cardiac periostin markedly attenuates MI-induced hepatic pathological progression of mice with NASH. These preclinical and clinical results demonstrate that MI alternates systemic homeostasis and upregulates the production of pro-fibrotic factors, triggering cross-disease communication that accelerates hepatic pathological progression of NAFLD.
2024-06-04 | GSE254698 | GEO
Project description:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now considered the most common liver disease in the world, yet no pharmacological treatment has been approved. The naturally occurring compound Cyclo (His-Pro) (CHP) appears as an interesting candidate for the management of NAFLD, given its safety records and its anti-inflammatory effect. We show here that CHP administration protects against progression towards steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis in two different mouse models of liver injury: a model of dietary NAFLD/NASH, achieved with thermoneutral housing in combination with a western diet, and a model of liver fibrosis by repeated injections with carbon tetrachloride. CHP administration prevents overall lipid accumulation, reducing body weight and fat mass. Treated animals show lower systemic inflammation and improved glycemia. Histo-pathology and liver transcriptomics highlight reduced steatosis upon CHP, together with lower inflammation and fibrosis, which are typical features of NAFLD progression. For the first time, we identified ERK as an early mediator of CHP response, although more work is required to elucidate its precise mechanism of action. In conclusion, our work indicates that CHP is a novel and efficacious strategy to manage NAFLD, fuelling optimism for potential clinical studies.
2023-08-14 | GSE216366 | GEO
Project description:Background & Aims: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a subtype of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, is characterized by hepatic inflammation. Despite evolving therapies aimed to ameliorate inflammation in NASH, the transcriptional changes that lead to inflammation progression in NAFLD remain poorly understood. The aim of this study is to define transcriptional changes in early, non-fibrotic NAFLD using a biopsy-proven non-fibrotic NAFLD cohort. Methods: We extracted RNA from liver tissue of 40 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD based on NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) (23 with NAS ≤3, 17 with NAS ≥5) and 21 healthy controls and compared changes in expression of 594 genes involved in innate immune function. Results: Compared to healthy controls, NAFLD patients with NAS ≥5 had differential expression of 211 genes, while those with NAS ≤3 had differential expression of only 14 genes. Notably, osteopontin (SPP1) (3.74-fold in NAS ≤3, 8.28-fold in NAS ≥5) and CXCL10 (2.27-fold in NAS ≤3, 8.28-fold in NAS ≥5) gene expression were significantly upregulated with histologic progression of NAFLD.
2020-07-08 | GSE151158 | GEO
Project description:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excess lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and reprepresents a huge public health problem owing to its propensity to progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and liver failure. The lipids stored in hepatic steatosis are primarily triglycerides (TGs) synthesized by two acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzymes. Either DGAT1 or DGAT2 catalyzes this reaction, and these enzymes have been suggested to differentially utilize exogenous or endogenously synthesized fatty acids, with DGAT2 being linked to storage of fatty acids from de novo lipogenesis, a process that is increased in NAFLD. However, whether DGAT2 is more responsible for lipid accumulation in NAFLD and the progression to fibrosis is currently unknown. Also, it is unresolved whether DGAT2 can be safely inhibited as a therapy for NAFLD. Here we induced NAFLD-like disease in mice by feeding a diet rich in fructose, saturated fat, and cholesterol and found that hepatocyte-specfici Dgat2 deficiency reduced expression of de novo lipogenesis genes and lowered liver TGs by ~70%. Importantly, the reduction of steatosis was not accompanied by increased inflammation or fibrosis, and insulin and glucose metabolism were unchanged. Conclusion: This study suggests that hepatic DGAT2 deficiency successfully reduced diet-induced hepatic steatosis and supports the development of DGAT2 inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for treating NAFLD and preventing downstream consequences.
2020-05-26 | PXD013423 | Pride
Project description:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a well-defined chronic liver diseases closely related with metabolic disorders. The prevalence of NAFLD is rapidly increasing worldwide, while the pathology and the underlying mechanisms driving NAFLD are not fully understood. In NAFLD, a series of metabolic changes takes place in the liver. However, the alteration of the metabolic pathways in the human liver along the progression of NAFLD, i.e., the transition from nonalcoholic steatosis (NAFL) to steatohepatitis (NASH) through cirrhosis remains to be discovered. Here, we sought to examine the metabolic pathways of the human liver across the full histological spectrum of NAFLD. We analyzed the whole liver tissue transcriptomic (RNA-Seq) and serum metabolomics data obtained from a large, prospectively enrolled cohort of histologically characterized patients derived from the European NAFLD Registry (n=206), and developed genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) of human hepatocytes at different stages of NAFLD. The integrative approach employed in this study has enabled us to understand the regulation of the metabolic pathways of human liver in NAFL, and with progressive NASH-associated fibrosis (F0–F4). Our study identified several metabolic signatures in the liver and blood of these patients, specifically highlighting the alteration of vitamins (A, E) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs), and their link with complex glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in advanced fibrosis. The study provides insights into the underlying pathways of the progressive fibrosing steatohepatitis. Furthermore, by applying genome-scale metabolic modeling (GSMM), we were able to identify the metabolic differences among carriers of widely validated genetic variants associated with NAFLD / NASH disease severity in three genes (PNPLA3, TM6SF2 and HSD17B13).
2021-02-18 | ST001964 | MetabolomicsWorkbench