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Mitochondrial Calcium Exchange links Metabolism with the Epigenome to Control Cellular Differentiation (RNA-seq)

ABSTRACT: Fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation is crucial for the initial healing response but excessive myofibroblast activation leads to pathological fibrosis. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms underlying myofibroblast formation. Here we report that mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) signaling is a regulatory mechanism in myofibroblast differentiation and fibrosis. We demonstrate that inhibition of mCa2+ uptake in fibroblasts enhances myofibroblast formation and this translates to increased fibrosis following injury. Fibrotic signaling alters the gating of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (mtCU) to reduce mCa2+ uptake and induce specific changes in metabolism. mCa2+-dependent metabolic reprogramming leads to the activation of αKG-dependent demethylases which epigenetically modify promoter regions specific to the myofibroblast gene program resulting in differentiation. Our results uncover an important role for mCa2+ uptake beyond metabolic regulation and cell death and demonstrate that mCa2+ signaling regulates the epigenome to influence cellular differentiation.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE135529 | GEO | 2019/08/22

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Mitochondrial Calcium Exchange links Metabolism with the Epigenome to Control Cellular Differentiation (ATAC-seq)

Project description:Fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation is crucial for the initial healing response but excessive myofibroblast activation leads to pathological fibrosis. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms underlying myofibroblast formation. Here we report that mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) signaling is a regulatory mechanism in myofibroblast differentiation and fibrosis. We demonstrate that inhibition of mCa2+ uptake in fibroblasts enhances myofibroblast formation and this translates to increased fibrosis following injury. Fibrotic signaling alters the gating of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (mtCU) to reduce mCa2+ uptake and induce specific changes in metabolism. mCa2+-dependent metabolic reprogramming leads to the activation of αKG-dependent demethylases which epigenetically modify promoter regions specific to the myofibroblast gene program resulting in differentiation. Our results uncover an important role for mCa2+ uptake beyond metabolic regulation and cell death and demonstrate that mCa2+ signaling regulates the epigenome to influence cellular differentiation.

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Project description:Muscle atrophy contributes to the poor prognosis of many physiopathological conditions, but pharmacological therapies are still limited. Muscle activity leads to major swings in mitochondrial [Ca2+] which control aerobic metabolism, cell death and survival pathways. We have investigated in vivo the effects of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis in skeletal muscle function and trophism, by overexpressing or silencing the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU). The results coherently demonstrate that both in developing and in adult muscles MCU-dependent mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake has a marked trophic effect that does not depend on autophagy or aerobic control, but impinges on two major hypertrophic pathways of skeletal muscle, PGC-1M-NM-14 and Igf1-Akt/PKB. In adult mice, MCU overexpression protects from denervation-induced atrophy. These data reveal a novel Ca2+-dependent organelle-to-nucleus signaling route, which links mitochondrial function to the control of muscle mass and may represent a possible pharmacological target in sarcopenia. Experiments were performed on biological replicates of single skeletal muscle fibres. Seven fibres were chosen for their Mutochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU) overexpression and other seven fibres because MCU was silenced. Overexpression and silencing were performed injecting skeletal muscle with AAV containing MCU gene or short interfering oligos specific for MCU. As control was profiled eigth fibres transfected with AAV and eigth wild type fibres. Analyses were performed 7 days and 14 days after the AAV injection (3 fibers after 7 days and 4 fibers after 14 days for MCU overexpression and silencing, four fibres after 7 days and four after 14 days for control).

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Project description:Metabolic adaptations in response to changes in energy supply and demand are essential for survival. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter plays a key role in coordinating metabolic homeostasis by regulating TCA cycle activation, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and cellular calcium signaling. However, a comprehensive analysis of uniporter-regulated mitochondrial metabolic pathways has remained unexplored. Here, we investigate metabolic consequences of uniporter loss- and gain-of-function using uniporter knock out cells and the liver cancer fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC), which we demonstrate to have elevated mitochondrial calcium levels. Our results reveal that branched chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism and the urea cycle are uniporter-regulated metabolic pathways. Reduced uniproter function increases expression of BCAA catabolism genes, and the urea cycle enzyme ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC). In contrast, high uniporter activity in FLC suppresses their expression. This suppression happens via the transcription factor KLF15, a master regulator of liver metabolism, suggesting that calcium signaling plays a central role in FLC-associated metabolic changes, including hyperammonemia. Consistent with this, activation of BCAA catabolism in FLC cells impairs their growth. Collectively, our study identifies an important role for mitochondrial calcium signaling in metabolic adaptation through transcriptional regulation of metabolism and elucidates its importance for BCAA and ammonia metabolism in FLC.

2024-11-21 | MSV000096493 | MassIVE

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