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Post-transcriptional gene regulation by microRNA-194 promotes neuroendocrine transdifferentiation in prostate cancer

ABSTRACT: Potent therapeutic inhibition of the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate adenocarcinoma can lead to the emergence of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), a phenomenon associated with enhanced cell plasticity. Here, we show that microRNA-194 (miR-194) is a regulator of epithelial-neuroendocrine transdifferentiation. In clinical prostate cancer samples, miR-194 expression and activity were elevated in NEPC and inversely correlated with AR signalling. Over-expression of miR-194 facilitated the emergence of neuroendocrine features in prostate cancer cells, a process mediated by its ability to directly target a suite of genes involved in cell plasticity. One such target gene was FOXA1, which encodes a transcription factor with a vital role in maintaining the prostate epithelial lineage. Importantly, a miR-194 inhibitor blocked epithelial-neuroendocrine transdifferentiation and inhibited the growth of cell lines and patient-derived organoids possessing neuroendocrine features. Overall, our study reveals a post-transcriptional mechanism regulating the plasticity of prostate cancer cells and provides a rationale for targeting miR-194 in NEPC.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE137071 | GEO | 2019/09/09

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Introduction: Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive subtype of prostate cancer, exhibiting rapid progression and is unresponsive to hormone therapy. Reliable prognostic assays and more effective treatments are critically required. However, the research of NEPC has been hampered by a lack of clinically relevant in vivo models. Recently, we successfully developed a first-in-field patient tissue-derived xenograft model of complete neuroendocrine transdifferentiation from prostate adenocarcinoma. By comparing gene expression profiles of the parental adenocarcinoma line (LTL331) and the NEPC subline (LTL331R), we identified DEK, a gene not previously reported in prostate cancer, as a potential biomarker and target for NEPC. Methods: DEK protein expression in patient tissue-derived xenograft models and clinical samples was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The function of DEK was determined by siRNA-induced reduction of DEK expression in PC-3 cells, a cell line with NEPC characteristics, followed by functional assays and gene expression profiling analysis. Results: Elevated DEK protein expression was observed in all clinical NEPC cases, which is distinct from their benign counterparts (0%), hormonal naïve prostate cancer (2.45%) and castration resistant prostate cancer (29.55%). Increased DEK expression is an independent clinical risk factor and is associated with shorter disease free survival in hormonal naïve prostate cancer patients. Reduction of DEK expression in PC-3 cells led to a marked reduction in cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion. Conclusions: The results suggest that DEK may play an important role in the progression of prostate cancer, especially NEPC and provide a potential biomarker to aid risk stratification of prostate cancer and a novel therapeutic target for treating NEPC. The function of DEK was determined by siRNA-induced reduction of DEK expression in PC-3 cells, a cell line with NEPC characteristics, followed by functional assays and gene expression profiling analysis.

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Post-transcriptional gene regulation by microRNA-194 promotes neuroendocrine transdifferentiation in prostate cancer

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