Generation of functional hepatocytes from extended pluripotent stem cells
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE137569 | GEO | 2020/09/01
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Among all known cultured stem cell types, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) sit atop the landscape of developmental potency and are characterized by their unrestricted developmental potential, able to generate all cell types of an adult organism. However, PSCs show limited contribution to the extraembryonic (ExEm) tissues, in particular, those giving rise to the placenta in vivo. To date, it remains unknown whether stem cells with both embryonic and extraembryonic developmental potency can be captured and maintained in vitro. Here, we identify a new chemical cocktail that allows for the generation of stem cells with extended developmental potency from mouse and human, designated as extended pluripotent stem (EPS) cells, which is capable of chimerizing both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues. Importantly, a single mouse EPS (mEPS) cell shows widespread contribution to both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages in chimeric mouse conceptuses at late-gestation stages, and permits generation of high-grade germline competent chimeras as well as single EPS-derived viable mice by tetraploid complementation. Furthermore, human EPS (hEPS) cells contribute to embryonic and extraembryonic tissues in interspecies chimeric mouse conceptuses. Compared to known PSCs, EPS cells show unique gene modules that upregulate in embryonic cells from early preimplantation development. Further analysis shows that PARP1 inhibition is required for maintaining EPS potency. Our findings constitute a first step towards capturing pluripotent stem cells with extraembryonic developmental potentials in culture, and open new avenues for generating mammalian PSCs with robust chimeric competency for basic and translational research.
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Project description:All mammals develop from embryonic founder cells with the ability to generate all of the differentiated cells that constitute the organism. Capture of stem cells with such developmental potential in vitro has been a major challenge in stem cell biology. Here, we show that a chemical cocktail enables the derivation of a new stem cell type from both mice and humans, designated as extended pluripotent stem (EPS) cells. A single human or mouse EPS cell is able to contribute to both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages in inter- and intra-species chimeric mouse conceptuses respectively. Compared to known pluripotent stem cells, EPS cells show upregulation of gene modules marking embryonic cells from early preimplantation development. Further analysis shows that PARP1 inhibition is required for maintaining EPS potency. Our findings constitute a first step towards capturing authentic mammalian totipotency in vitro, and open new avenues for basic and translational research.
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Project description:A single mouse blastomere from until 8-cell embryo can generate an entire blastocyst. Whether blastomere-like extended pluripotent stem cells (EPS cells) retain a similar generative capacity remains unknown. Here, we established a 3D differentiation system that enabled the generation of blastocyst-like structures from EPS cells (EPS-blastoids) through lineage segregation and self-organization. EPS-blastoids resembled blastocysts in morphology and cell lineage allocation. EPS-blastoids formation recapitulated key morphogenetic events during preimplantation and early postimplantation development in vitro. Upon transfer, some EPS-blastoids underwent implantation, induced decidualization, and generated live, albeit disorganized, tissues in utero. Single cell and bulk RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that EPS-blastoids contained all three blastocyst cell lineages and shared transcriptional similarity with natural blastocysts. We also provide proof-of-concept that EPS-blastoids can be generated from somatic cells via cellular reprograming. EPS-blastoids provide a unique platform for studying early embryogenesis, and pave the way to generate viable synthetic embryos using cultured cells.
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Project description:Extended pluripotent stem (EPS) cells have shown great applicative potentials in generating synthetic embryos, directed differentiation and disease modeling. However, the lack of a xenofree culture condition has significantly limited their wide applications. We developed a chemically defined and xeno-free culture condition for culturing and deriving human EPS cells, which can be long-term stably propagated in vitro, as well as preserve their embryonic and extraembryonic developmental potentials.
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2022-03-04 | GSE131803 | GEO
Project description:Although aging associated decline of liver regeneration was discovered half a century ago, how aging contributes to the decline of liver regenerative capacity and how to improve this capacity in the elderly is still unknown. Hepatocyte plasticity is known to play a central role in the maintenance of liver regeneration; hence, we describe a strategy to explore the mechanisms underlying the relation between aging and hepatocyte plasticity: experiments with human induced-pluripotent-stem-cell–derived hepatocytes (hiPSC-Heps). Here, we established a simple and convenient method for generation of hiPSC-Heps that can maintain hepatic function for a long time with gradual accumulation of aging related markers and characteristics. We found that in contrast to rodent hepatocytes, FGF2 is essential for the plasticity of human hepatocytes, and the FGF2-activated MAPK–EZH2 axis can help to reprogram hiPSC-Heps into proliferative hepatic cells with a bipotential differentiation ability. Notably, our results showed the plasticity of hiPSC-Heps decreases with aging and this phenomenon strongly correlates with histone acetylation. Moreover, we found that selective inhibition of histone deacetylases can markedly improve the plasticity of old hiPSC-Heps and primary human hepatocytes and surprisingly increases the repopulation capacity of old PHHs in a liver injury model. Therefore, we can conclude that aging-associated histone hypoacetylation impairs hepatocyte plasticity.
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Project description:Although aging associated decline of liver regeneration was discovered half a century ago, how aging contributes to the decline of liver regenerative capacity and how to improve this capacity in the elderly is still unknown. Hepatocyte plasticity is known to play a central role in the maintenance of liver regeneration; hence, we describe a strategy to explore the mechanisms underlying the relation between aging and hepatocyte plasticity: experiments with human induced-pluripotent-stem-cell–derived hepatocytes (hiPSC-Heps). Here, we established a simple and convenient method for generation of hiPSC-Heps that can maintain hepatic function for a long time with gradual accumulation of aging related markers and characteristics. We found that in contrast to rodent hepatocytes, FGF2 is essential for the plasticity of human hepatocytes, and the FGF2-activated MAPK–EZH2 axis can help to reprogram hiPSC-Heps into proliferative hepatic cells with a bipotential differentiation ability. Notably, our results showed the plasticity of hiPSC-Heps decreases with aging and this phenomenon strongly correlates with histone acetylation. Moreover, we found that selective inhibition of histone deacetylases can markedly improve the plasticity of old hiPSC-Heps and primary human hepatocytes and surprisingly increases the repopulation capacity of old PHHs in a liver injury model. Therefore, we can conclude that aging-associated histone hypoacetylation impairs hepatocyte plasticity.
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Project description:A single mouse blastomere from until 8-cell embryo can generate an entire blastocyst. Whether blastomere-like extended pluripotent stem cells (EPS cells) retain a similar generative capacity remains unknown. Here, we established a 3D differentiation system that enabled the generation of blastocyst-like structures from EPS cells (EPS-blastoids) through lineage segregation and self-organization. EPS-blastoids resembled blastocysts in morphology and cell lineage allocation. EPS-blastoids formation recapitulated key morphogenetic events during preimplantation and early postimplantation development in vitro. Upon transfer, some EPS-blastoids underwent implantation, induced decidualization, and generated live, albeit disorganized, tissues in utero. Single cell and bulk RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that EPS-blastoids contained all three blastocyst cell lineages and shared transcriptional similarity with natural blastocysts. We also provide proof-of-concept that EPS-blastoids can be generated from somatic cells via cellular reprograming. EPS-blastoids provide a unique platform for studying early embryogenesis, and pave the way to generate viable synthetic embryos using cultured cells.
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