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Role of Epigenetics in Unicellular to Multicellular Transition in Dictyostelium

ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

ORGANISM(S): Dictyostelium discoideum AX4 Dictyostelium discoideum

PROVIDER: GSE137604 | GEO | 2021/04/21

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Role of epigenetics in unicellular to multicellular transition in Dictyostelium.

Project description:BackgroundThe evolution of multicellularity is a critical event that remains incompletely understood. We use the social amoeba, Dictyostelium discoideum, one of the rare organisms that readily transits back and forth between both unicellular and multicellular stages, to examine the role of epigenetics in regulating multicellularity.ResultsWhile transitioning to multicellular states, patterns of H3K4 methylation and H3K27 acetylation significantly change. By combining transcriptomics, epigenomics, chromatin accessibility, and orthologous gene analyses with other unicellular and multicellular organisms, we identify 52 conserved genes, which are specifically accessible and expressed during multicellular states. We validated that four of these genes, including the H3K27 deacetylase hdaD, are necessary and that an SMC-like gene, smcl1, is sufficient for multicellularity in Dictyostelium.ConclusionsThese results highlight the importance of epigenetics in reorganizing chromatin architecture to facilitate multicellularity in Dictyostelium discoideum and raise exciting possibilities about the role of epigenetics in the evolution of multicellularity more broadly.

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Role of Epigenetics in Unicellular to Multicellular Transition in Dictyostelium

Project description:Role of Epigenetics in Unicellular to Multicellular Transition in Dictyostelium

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Role of Epigenetics in Unicellular to Multicellular Transition in Dictyostelium

Project description:The evolution of multicellularity is a critical event that remains incompletely understood. We use the social amoeba, Dictyostelium discoideum, one of the rare organisms that exists in both unicellular and multicellular stages, to examine the role of epigenetics in regulating multicellularity. While transitioning to multicellular states, patterns of H3K4 methylation and H3K27 acetylation significantly change. By combining transcriptomics, epigenomics, chromatin accessibility, and syntenic analyses with other unicellular and multicellular organisms, we identify 52 conserved genes, which are specifically accessible and expressed during multicellular states. We validated that four of these genes, including the H3K27 deacetylase hdaD, are necessary and that an SMC-like gene, smcl1, is sufficient for multicellularity. These results highlight the importance of epigenetics in reorganizing chromatin architecture to facilitate the evolution of multicellularity.

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Project description:Calmodulin (CaM) is an essential calcium-binding protein within eukaryotes. CaM binds to calmodulin-binding proteins (CaMBPs) and influences a variety of cellular and developmental processes. In this study, we used immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to reveal over 500 putative CaM interactors in the model organism Dictyostelium discoideum. Our analysis revealed several known CaMBPs in Dictyostelium and mammalian cells (e.g., myosin, calcineurin), as well as many novel interactors (e.g., cathepsin D). Gene ontology (GO) term enrichment and Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting proteins (STRING) analyses linked the CaM interactors to several cellular and developmental processes in Dictyostelium including cytokinesis, gene expression, endocytosis, and metabolism. The primary localizations of the CaM interactors include the nucleus, ribosomes, vesicles, mitochondria, cytoskeleton, and extracellular space. These findings are not only consistent with previous work on CaM and CaMBPs in Dictyostelium, but they also provide new insight on their diverse cellular and developmental roles in this model organism. In total, this study provides the first in vivo catalogue of putative CaM interactors in Dictyostelium and sheds additional light on the essential roles of CaM and CaMBPs in eukaryotes.

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