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The LC3 conjugation machinery specifies the loading of RNA-binding proteins into extracellular vesicles

ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE137618 | GEO | 2019/12/22

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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The LC3-conjugation machinery specifies the loading of RNA-binding proteins into extracellular vesicles.

Project description:Traditionally viewed as an autodigestive pathway, autophagy also facilitates cellular secretion; however, the mechanisms underlying these processes remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that components of the autophagy machinery specify secretion within extracellular vesicles (EVs). Using a proximity-dependent biotinylation proteomics strategy, we identify 200 putative targets of LC3-dependent secretion. This secretome consists of a highly interconnected network enriched in RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and EV cargoes. Proteomic and RNA profiling of EVs identifies diverse RBPs and small non-coding RNAs requiring the LC3-conjugation machinery for packaging and secretion. Focusing on two RBPs, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (HNRNPK) and scaffold-attachment factor B (SAFB), we demonstrate that these proteins interact with LC3 and are secreted within EVs enriched with lipidated LC3. Furthermore, their secretion requires the LC3-conjugation machinery, neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) and LC3-dependent recruitment of factor associated with nSMase2 activity (FAN). Hence, the LC3-conjugation pathway controls EV cargo loading and secretion.

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The LC3 conjugation machinery specifies the loading of RNA-binding proteins into extracellular vesicles (smRNA-seq dataset)

Project description:We employed small non-coding RNA sequecing to profile the small RNAs in extracellular vesicles (EVs) from WT cells and cells deficient for the LC3 conjugation machinery

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The LC3 conjugation machinery specifies the loading of RNA-binding proteins into extracellular vesicles (lrgRNA-seq dataset)

Project description:We employed RNA sequecing to profile large RNAs (mRNAs and lincRNAs) packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs) from WT cells and cells deficient for the LC3 conjugation machinery

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The LC3 conjugation machinery specifies the loading of RNA-binding proteins into extracellular vesicles

Project description:The LC3 conjugation machinery specifies the loading of RNA-binding proteins into extracellular vesicles

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Project description:The LC3 conjugation machinery specifies the loading of RNA-binding proteins into extracellular vesicles (lrgRNA-seq dataset)

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RNA-binding proteins contribute to small RNA loading in plant extracellular vesicles.

Project description:Plants use extracellular vesicles (EVs) to transport small RNAs (sRNAs) into their fungal pathogens and silence fungal virulence-related genes through a phenomenon called 'cross-kingdom RNAi'. It remains unknown, however, how sRNAs are selectively loaded into EVs. Here, we identified several RNA-binding proteins in Arabidopsis, including Argonaute 1 (AGO1), RNA helicases (RHs) and annexins (ANNs), which are secreted by exosome-like EVs. AGO1, RH11 and RH37 selectively bind to EV-enriched sRNAs but not to non-EV-associated sRNAs, suggesting that they contribute to the selective loading of sRNAs into EVs. Conversely, ANN1 and ANN2 bind to sRNAs non-specifically. The ago1, rh11 rh37 and ann1 ann2 mutants showed reduced secretion of sRNAs in EVs, demonstrating that these RNA-binding proteins play an important role in sRNA loading and/or stabilization in EVs. Furthermore, rh11 rh37 and ann1 ann2 showed increased susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea, suggesting that RH11, RH37, ANN1 and ANN2 positively regulate plant immunity against B. cinerea.

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Exogenous loading of extracellular vesicles, virus-like particles, and lentiviral vectors with supercharged proteins.

Project description:Cell membrane-based biovesicles (BVs) are important candidate drug delivery vehicles and comprise extracellular vesicles, virus-like particles, and lentiviral vectors. Here, we introduce a non-enzymatic assembly of purified BVs, supercharged proteins, and plasmid DNA called pDNA-scBVs. This multicomponent vehicle results from the interaction of negative sugar moieties on BVs and supercharged proteins that contain positively charged amino acids on their surface to enhance their affinity for pDNA. pDNA-scBVs were demonstrated to mediate floxed reporter activation in culture by delivering a Cre transgene. We introduced pDNA-scBVs containing both a CRE-encoding plasmid and a BV-packaged floxed reporter into the brains of Ai9 mice. Successful delivery of both payloads by pDNA-scBVs was confirmed with reporter signal in the striatal brain region. Overall, we developed a more efficient method to load isolated BVs with cargo that functionally modified recipient cells. Augmenting the natural properties of BVs opens avenues for adoptive extracellular interventions using therapeutic loaded cargo.

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