Identify gene networks in maize and beneficial fungus Trichoderma virens that result in induced systemic resistance (ISR)
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Zea mays
PROVIDER: GSE137826 | GEO | 2019/09/24
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Combating the action of plant pathogenic microorganisms by antagonistic or mycoparasitic fungi has been announced as an attractive biological alternative to the use of chemical fungicides since more than 20 years, and gains additional importance in current trends to environmentally friendly agriculture. Taxa of the fungal genus Hypocrea/Trichoderma (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae) contain prominent examples of such biocontrol agents, because they not only antagonize plant-pathogenic fungi, but are also often rhizosphere competent and can enhance plant growth. Identification of the primary factors that regulate the mycoparasitic behaviour and metabolic activities related to it will therefore allow the full ecological significance of this trait to be explored. We performed the analysis of the genome sequence from two mycoparasitic and rhizosphere competent Trichoderma spp. – T. atroviride and T. virens – and compare it to that of the saprophyte T. reesei. The predicted gene inventory of the T. atroviride and T.virens genome, therefore, points to previously unknown mechanisms operating during biocontrol of plant pathogens. The availability of these genomes provides a unique opportunity to develop a deeper understanding of the processes fundamental to mycoparasitism and its application for the breeding of improved biocontrol strains for plant protection. To investigate the potential role in mycoparasitism, microarrays were used to examine T. virens transcript levels when confronted with a potential prey (the plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani) before contact, during first physical contact and during overgrowth of the host. The study presented here is the result of this analysis.
2011-07-01 | GSE19832 | GEO
Project description:In this experiment we measured the transcriptional response of tomato plants (cv “Money maker”) when attacked belowground by the nematode M. inognita and, subsequently, aboveground by different (and common for this crop) biotic agents. Three weeks-old plants were exposed to nematodes for 5 days. At the fifth day the terminal leaflet of one of the first two true leaves was infected with the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus, or with the pathogen, or with the potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae, or with the CMV-infected M. euphorbiae. For each belowground/aboveground combination treatment a set of control plants that received only the aboveground treatment was prepared. The infected leaflets of 5 biological replicates, each consisting of 1 plant, were collected 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 days after the onset of the aboveground treatment and flash frozen in liquid nitrogen. A different set of plants was used for every time point. Corresponding leaves from plants that did not receive any aboveground treatment (control) were selected and sampled as described above. Three biological replicates were selected among the five for RNA isolation. Total RNA was sent for sequencing to BGI Hong Kong.
2023-07-30 | E-MTAB-11956 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Combating the action of plant pathogenic microorganisms by antagonistic or mycoparasitic fungi has been announced as an attractive biological alternative to the use of chemical fungicides since more than 20 years, and gains additional importance in current trends to environmentally friendly agriculture. Taxa of the fungal genus Hypocrea/Trichoderma (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae) contain prominent examples of such biocontrol agents, because they not only antagonize plant-pathogenic fungi, but are also often rhizosphere competent and can enhance plant growth. Identification of the primary factors that regulate the mycoparasitic behaviour and metabolic activities related to it will therefore allow the full ecological significance of this trait to be explored. We performed the analysis of the genome sequence from two mycoparasitic and rhizosphere competent Trichoderma spp. – T. atroviride and T. virens – and compare it to that of the saprophyte T. reesei. The predicted gene inventory of the T. atroviride and T.virens genome, therefore, points to previously unknown mechanisms operating during biocontrol of plant pathogens. The availability of these genomes provides a unique opportunity to develop a deeper understanding of the processes fundamental to mycoparasitism and its application for the breeding of improved biocontrol strains for plant protection. To investigate the potential role in mycoparasitism, microarrays were used to examine T. virens transcript levels when confronted with a potential prey (the plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani) before contact, during first physical contact and during overgrowth of the host. The study presented here is the result of this analysis. Two biological pools by condition against a common reference control each sample hybridized in dye switch. On the two biological replicates we apply on the pretreated results the linear modeling approach implemented by lmFit and the empirical Bayes statistics implemented by eBayes from the limma R package (Smyth 2004). For mycoparasitism confrontation assays T. virens was grown on potato dextrose agar plates (BD Dicfo, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), covered with cellophane, in constant light at 25°C and harvested when the mycelia were ca. 5 mm apart (before contact), at contact of the mycelia and after T. virens had overgrown the host fungus Rhizoctonia solani by ca. 5 mm (after contact). As control T. virens was confronted with itself and harvested at contact. Peripheral hyphal zones from each confrontation stage were harvested and shock frozen in liquid nitrogen. Mycelia were ground to a fine powder under liquid nitrogen and total RNA was isolated using the guanidinium thiocyanate method (Sambrook, 2001).
2011-07-01 | E-GEOD-19832 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Trichoderma spp. are filamentous fungi that colonize plant roots conferring beneficial effects to plants, indirectly through the induction of their defense systems or directly through the suppression of phytopathogens in the rhizosphere. Transcriptomic analyses of Trichoderma emerged as a powerful method for identifying the molecular events underlying the establishment of this beneficial relationship. Here, we focus on the transcriptomic response of Trichoderma virens during its interaction with Arabidopsis seedlings. The main response of T. virens to co-cultivation with Arabidopsis was the repression of gene expression. The biological processes of transport and metabolism of carbohydrates were downregulated, including a set of cell-wall-degrading enzymes putatively relevant for root-colonization. Repression of such genes reached their basal levels at later times of the interaction when genes belonging to the biological process of copper ion transport were induced, a necessary process providing copper as a cofactor for cell-wall degrading enzymes with auxiliary activities (AAs) class. RNA-Seq analysis showed the induction of a member of the SNF2 family of chromatin remodelers/helicase-related proteins, which was named IPA-1 (Increased Protection of Arabidopsis-1). Sequence analyses of IPA-1 showed as its closest relatives members of the Rad5/Rad16- and SNF2-subfamilies; however, it grouped into a different clade. Although deletion of ipa-1 in T. virens did not affect its growth, the antibiosis of Δipa-1 culture filtrates showed a diminished effect against Rhizoctonia solani but remained unaltered against Botrytis cinerea. Triggering of the plant defense genes in plants treated with Δipa-1 was higher, showing enhanced resistance against Pseudomonas syringae but not against B. cinerea as compared to wild type.
2019-01-18 | GSE125225 | GEO
Project description:Identify gene networks in maize and beneficial fungus Trichoderma virens that result in induced systemic resistance (ISR)
| PRJNA573599 | ENA
Project description:Trichoderma virens (synonym, Gliocladium virens), a deuteromycete fungus, suppresses soilborne plant diseases caused by a number of fungi and is used as a biocontrol agent. Several traits that may contribute to the antagonistic interactions of T. virens with disease-causing fungi involve the production of peptide metabolites (e.g., the antibiotic gliotoxin and siderophores used for iron acquisition). We cloned a 5,056-bp partial cDNA encoding a putative peptide synthetase (Psy1) from T. virens using conserved motifs found within the adenylate domain of peptide synthetases. Sequence similarities with conserved motifs of the adenylation domain, acyl transfer, and two condensation domains support identification of the Psy1 gene as a gene that encodes a peptide synthetase. Disruption of the native Psy1 gene through gene replacement was used to identify the function of this gene. Psy1 disruptants produced normal amounts of gliotoxin but grew poorly under low-iron conditions, suggesting that Psy1 plays a role in siderophore production. Psy1 disruptants cannot produce the major T. virens siderophore dimerum acid, a dipetide of acylated N(delta)-hydroxyornithine. Biocontrol activity against damping-off diseases caused by Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani was not reduced by the Psy1 disruption, suggesting that iron competition through dimerum acid production does not contribute significantly to disease suppression activity under the conditions used.
| S-EPMC93271 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Trichoderma virens is a beneficial fungus that helps plants fight pathogens and abiotic stresses and thereby enhances crop yields. Unlike other Trichoderma spp., there are two well-defined strains (P and Q) of T. virens, classified by secondary metabolites profiling, primarily the biosynthesis of the nonribosomal, strong antimicrobial agents gliotoxin (Q) and gliovirin (P). We have studied the phenotypic and biocontrol properties of two well-studied representative isolates (T. virens Gv29-8 and T. virens GvW/IMI304061) that represent a Q strain and a P strain of T. virens, respectively. We refined the genome assembly of the P strain using nanopore technology, and we compared it with the Q strain. The differences between the genomes include gene expansion in the Q strain. T. virens Gv29-8 is weaker than GvW as a mycoparasite on the broad host-range plant pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii, and it is ineffective as a biocontrol agent when applied to pathogen-infested soil. T. virens Gv29-8 proved to be phytotoxic to Arabidopsis seedlings, whereas the effect of T. virens GvW was not major. Both strains colonized the surface and outer cortex layer of tomato roots, with about 40% higher colonization by T. virens Gv29-8. T. virens Gv29-8 induced the expression of a larger set of tomato genes than did T. virens GvW, although some tomato genes were uniquely induced in response to T. virens GvW. We studied the comparative transcriptome response of T. virens Gv29-8 and T. virens GvW to S. rolfsii. A larger set of genes was regulated in T. virens GvW than in T. virens Gv29-8 in the presence of the plant pathogen. IMPORTANCE Trichoderma virens populations that were earlier classified into two strains (P and Q) based on secondary metabolites profiling are also phenotypically and genetically distinct, with the latter being ineffective in controlling the devastating, broad host range plant pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii. The two strains also provoke distinct as well as overlapping transcriptional responses to the presence of the plant and the pathogen. This study enriches our knowledge of Trichoderma-plant-pathogen interactions and identifies novel candidate genes for further research and deployment in agriculture.
| S-EPMC10100780 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Host-specific transcriptomic pattern of Trichoderma virens during interaction with maize or tomato roots
| PRJNA270774 | ENA
Project description:Filamentous fungus (anamorph: Trichoderma virens teleomorph: Hypocrea virens) that is a mycoparasite
| PRJNA19985 | ENA
Project description:The marks left in Trichoderma virens genome by the environment
| PRJNA202278 | ENA