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Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis in pediatric glioblastomas cell lines by RNA-seq.

ABSTRACT: We identified that RACK7 recognizes the histone H3.3G34R mutaion in vitro and in vivo. In order to explore the function of RACK7 and H3.3G34R mutaion, we used three pediatric glioblastomas(pGBM) cell lines. SJ-HGGx6c(R6) and SJ-HGGx42c(R42) have heterozygous G34R mutation, while SJ-HGGx39c(WT39) has wildtype H3F3A, which encodes H3.3. We next corrected H3.3G34R in R6 and R42 cells to wildtype H3.3 by CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knock-in, and knocked out RACK7 in R6 and R42 cells by CRISPR/Cas9. Finaly, we performed genome-wide transcriptomic analysis in these cell lines by RNA-seq analysis.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE138077 | GEO | 2020/08/10

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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RACK7 ChIP-seq in pediatric glioblastomas cell lines.

Project description:We identified that RACK7 recognizes the histone H3.3G34R mutaion in vitro. In order to determine the interaction between RACK7 and H3.3G34R mutaion in cells, we used three pediatric glioblastoma (pGBM) cell lines. SJ-HGGx6c(R6) and SJ-HGGx42c(R42) have heterozygous G34R mutation, while SJ-HGGx39c(WT39) has wildtype H3F3A, which encodes H3.3, and we also corrected H3.3G34R in R6 and R42 cells to wildtype H3.3 by CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knock-in. Finally, we performed RACK7 ChIP-seq in these cell lines to explore the function of RACK7 and H3.3G34R mutation.

2020-08-10 | GSE138060 | GEO

Recognition of a pediatric glioblastoma-associated histone mutation by chromatin reader ZMYND8 promotes tumorigenesis

Project description:Histone H3 point mutations have recently been identified in pediatric brain cancers, including missense mutations on histone H3 at positions 27 (lysine to methionine; K27M) and 34 (glycine to arginine, G34R), respectively. H3K27M mutations are associated with a majority of pediatric Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Pediatric Glioma (DIPG) cases, while H3.3G34R is found in pediatric glioblastoma (GBM) arising in the cerebral cortex1,2. While the mechanisms of H3K27M-driven tumorigenesis are beginning to unravel, much less is known about the H3.3G34R mutation. Here, we provide both biochemical and structural evidence that the PHD (plant homedomain) domain of the enhancer-binding protein, RACK7 (ZMYND8), recognizes H3.3G34R mutant histone via a mechanism distinct from other PHD domains. In an H3.3G34R-expressing neuronal precursor cell line, we demonstrate that RACK7 is aberrantly recruited to enhancers bound by H3.3G34R, resulting in the down-regulation of many neuronal genes, and the up-regulation of oncogenes such as MYC. Neural precursor cells expressing H3.3G34R showed enhanced tumor growth when injected subcutaneously. Inhibiting RACK7 binding to H3.3G34R reduces tumor size and alters gene expression, suggesting that H3.3G34R regulation of enhancers via RACK7 promotes tumorigenesis. Specifically, we show that both the gene expression and tumor size regulation are critically dependent on the physical interaction of H3.3G34R with RACK7. Both regulations are compromised in the absence of RACK7, and can be rescued by wildtype, but not an H3.3G34R-binding defective, RACK7. Taken together, we have identified a reader for H3.3G34R and demonstrate that RACK7 binding to H3.3G34R alters enhancer activity to directly suppress neural gene transcription and to increase oncogenic propensity of neural precursor cells, thus providing a potential molecular basis for pediatric GBM driven by the H3.3G34R mutation.

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Reciprocal gene editing defines targetable mutant H3.3 oncohistone effectors in pediatric glioma

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Project description:Histone H3.3 glycine 34 to arginine/valine (H3.3G34R/V) mutations occur in deadly hemispheric high-grade gliomas. These tumors show exquisite regional and temporal specificity, suggesting a developmental context permissive to the effects of G34R/V mutations. Here we present the molecular landscape of G34R/V gliomas (n = 83) and show that ~50% bear activating mutations in PDGFRA, with strong selection pressure for PDGFRAMUT clones at recurrence. We show that G34R/V tumors arise in interneuron progenitors of the foetal ventral forebrain, expressing GSX2 and the DLX family of homeobox transcription factors, where terminal neuronal differentiation is impaired through aberrant G34R/V-mediated H3K27me3. Frequent co-occurrence of G34R/V & PDGFRAMUT is facilitated in this interneuron lineage-of-origin as PDGFRA forms an aberrant chromatin loop with the adjacent GSX2, hijacking its active chromatin conformation. At the single-cell level, G34R/V tumors entirely lack oligodendroglial transcriptional programs prominent in other glioma entities, and instead harbour dual neuronal and astroglial compartments. CRISPR-removal of H3.3G34R/V does not impact tumorigenicity suggesting this mutation becomes dispensable, while PDGFRAMUT are potently oncogenic regardless of G34 mutation. Collectively, our results suggest that G34R/V gliomas arise in foetal interneuron progenitors unable to terminally differentiate, enabling co-option of PDGFRA through inappropriate expression and activating mutations to promote gliogenesis and oncogenicity. Reliance on PDGFRA for oncogenesis may be of therapeutic opportunity in G34R/V glioma.

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Single substitution in H3.3G34 alters DNMT3A recruitment to cause progressive neurodegeneration [multiome]

Project description:Germline histone H3.3 amino acid substitutions, including H3.3G34R/V, cause severe neurodevelopmental syndromes. To understand how these mutations impact brain development, we generated H3.3G34R/V/W knock-in mice and identified strikingly distinct developmental defects for each mutation. H3.3G34R-mutants uniquely exhibited progressive microcephaly and neurodegeneration, with abnormal accumulation of disease-associated microglia and concurrent neuronal depletion. G34R severely decreased H3K36me2 on the mutant H3.3 tail, impairing recruitment of DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A. Redistribution of DNMT3A on chromatin promoted sustained expression of complement and other innate immune genes through loss of non-CG (CH) methylation, and silencing of neuronal gene promoters through aberrant CG methylation. Persistent complement expression in G34R neurons led to neuroinflammation possibly accounting for progressive neurodegeneration. Our study reveals that H3.3G34-substitutions have differential impact on the epigenome, which underlie the diverse phenotypes observed, and uncovers unappreciated roles for H3K36me2 and DNMT3A-dependent CH-methylation in modulating synaptic pruning and neuroinflammation in post-natal brains.

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Single substitution in H3.3G34 alters DNMT3A recruitment to cause progressive neurodegeneration [RNA-seq]

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Single substitution in H3.3G34 alters DNMT3A recruitment to cause progressive neurodegeneration [ChIP-seq]

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RNA-sequencing of high grade glioma (HGG) human cells encoding for H3.3-G34R vs H3.3-WT histones, derived from a patient harboring pHGG and stably tranfected with 3X-FLAG-tagged wild type H3.3 or a 3X-FLAG-tagged H3.3 harboring the G34R mutation

Project description:RNA-sequencing of H3.3-G34R and H3.3-WT HGG cells was performed to uncover transcriptomic differences related to the presence of H3.3-G34R mutation, using human cells obtained from a patient harboring pHGG and stably tranfected with 3X-FLAG-tagged wild type H3.3 or a 3X-FLAG-tagged H3.3 harboring the G34R mutation.

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