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TET1 and 5-hydroxymethylation preserve the stem cell state of mouse trophoblast

ABSTRACT: Analysis of 5mC and 5hmC and associated transcription in trophoblast stem cells cultured and differentiated at 20% and 5% oxygen, integrated with previously published datasets

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE139049 | GEO | 2020/04/23

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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TET1 and 5-Hydroxymethylation Preserve the Stem Cell State of Mouse Trophoblast.

Project description:The ten-eleven translocation factor TET1 and its conferred epigenetic modification 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) have important roles in maintaining the pluripotent state of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We previously showed that TET1 is also essential to maintain the stem cell state of trophoblast stem cells (TSCs). Here, we establish an integrated panel of absolute 5hmC levels, genome-wide DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation patterns, transcriptomes, and TET1 chromatin occupancy in TSCs and differentiated trophoblast cells. We show that the combined presence of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5hmC correlates with transcriptional activity of associated genes. Hypoxia can slow down the global loss of 5hmC that occurs upon differentiation of TSCs. Notably, unlike in ESCs and epiblast cells, most TET1-bound regions overlap with active chromatin marks and TFAP2C binding sites and demarcate putative trophoblast enhancer regions. These chromatin modification and occupancy patterns are highly informative to identify novel candidate regulators of the TSC state.

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TET1 and 5-hydroxymethylation preserve the stem cell state of mouse trophoblast

Project description:TET1 and 5-hydroxymethylation preserve the stem cell state of mouse trophoblast

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Transcriptome and 5mC/5hmC of Trophoblast Stem Cells

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Transcriptome and 5mC/5hmC of Trophoblast Stem Cells [MeDIP-seq]

Project description:Transcriptome and 5mC/5hmC of Trophoblast Stem Cells [MeDIP-seq]

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Transcriptome and 5mC/5hmC of Trophoblast Stem Cells [RNA-seq]

Project description:Transcriptome and 5mC/5hmC of Trophoblast Stem Cells [RNA-seq]

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Distinct and stage-specific contributions of TET1 and TET2 to stepwise cytosine oxidation in the transition from naive to primed pluripotency

Project description:Cytosine DNA bases can be methylated by DNA methyltransferases and subsequently oxidized by TET proteins. The resulting 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) are considered demethylation intermediates as well as stable epigenetic marks. To dissect the contribution of these cytosine modifying enzymes, we generated combinations of Tet knockout (KO) embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and systematically measured protein and DNA modification levels at the transition from naive to primed pluripotency. Whereas the increase of genomic 5-methylcytosine (5mC) levels during exit from pluripotency correlated with an upregulation of the de novo DNA methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B, the subsequent oxidation steps turned out to be far more complex. The strong increase of oxidized cytosine bases (5hmC, 5fC, and 5caC) was accompanied by a drop in TET2 levels, yet the analysis of KO cells suggested that TET2 is responsible for most 5fC formation. The comparison of modified cytosine and enzyme levels in Tet KO cells revealed distinct and differentiation-dependent contributions of TET1 and TET2 to 5hmC and 5fC formation arguing against a processive mechanism of 5mC oxidation. The apparent independent steps of 5hmC and 5fC formation suggest yet to be identified mechanisms regulating TET activity and may constitute another layer of epigenetic regulation.

2020-07-24 | PXD019514 | Pride

Integrin α5-SRC signaling induces TET1 mediated hydroxymethylation of genes critical for maintenance of hepatic polarity.

Project description:Conclusions:1、 ITGα5-SRC signalling regulates the CLDN1 expression and hepatic polarity.2、ITGα5-SRC signalling regulates the TET catelyzed DNA 5hmc/5mc level. 3、Itgα5 regulates hydroxymethylation level of genes critical for polarity in vivo. 4、Excessive deposition of ECM blocks the regulatory effect of ITGα5 on CLDN1 in vitro and in vivo.

2022-10-03 | GSE159053 | GEO

Integrin α5-SRC signaling induces TET1 mediated hydroxymethylation of genes critical for maintenance of hepatic polarity

Project description:Conclusions: 1. ITGα5-SRC signalling regulates the CLDN1 expression and hepatic polarity. 2. ITGα5-SRC signalling regulates the TET catelyzed DNA 5hmc/5mc level. 3. Itgα5 regulates hydroxymethylation level of genes critical for polarity in vivo. 4. Excessive deposition of ECM blocks the regulatory effect of ITGα5 on CLDN1 in vitro and in vivo.

2022-11-10 | GSE162409 | GEO

Distinct roles of Tet1 and Tet2 in mouse embryonic stem cells (CMS-Seq)

Project description:The TET proteins TET1, TET2 and TET3 constitute a new family of dioxygenases that utilize molecular oxygen and the cofactors Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate to convert 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxy-methylcytosine (5hmC) and further oxidation products in DNA1-5. Here we show that Tet1 and Tet2 have distinct roles in regulating 5hmC deposition and gene expression in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC). Tet1 depletion in mESC primarily diminishes 5hmC levels at transcription start sites (TSS), whereas Tet2 depletion is mostly associated with decreased 5hmC in gene bodies relative to TSS. 5hmC is enriched at exon start and end sites, especially in exons that are highly expressed, and is significantly decreased upon Tet2 knockdown at the boundaries of high-expressed exons that are selectively regulated by Tet2. In differentiating murine B cells, Tet2 deficiency is associated with selective exon exclusion in the gene encoding the transmembrane phosphatase CD45. Tet2 depletion is associated with increased 5hmC and decreased 5mC at promoters/ TSS regions, possibly because of the redundant activity of Tet1. Together, these data indicate a complex interplay between Tet1 and Tet2 in mESC, and show that loss-of-function of a single TET protein does not necessarily lead to loss of 5hmC and a corresponding gain of 5mC, as generally assumed. The relation between Tet2 loss-of-function and selective changes in exon expression could potentially explain the frequent occurrence of both TET2 loss-of-function mutations and mutations in proteins involved in pre-mRNA splicing in myeloid malignancies in humans. Gene and exon expression analysis in mESC, Tet1 knockdown mESC, and Tet2 knockdown mESC by RNA-sequencing. Mapping of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in mESC, Tet1 knockdown mESC, and Tet2 knockdown mESC by anti-CMS-seq. Mapping of methylcytosine in mESC, and Tet2 kd mESC by MeDIP-seq.

2014-01-16 | E-GEOD-50200 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Distinct roles of Tet1 and Tet2 in mouse embryonic stem cells (RNA-Seq)

2014-01-16 | E-GEOD-50198 | biostudies-arrayexpress