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Early epigenomic and transcriptional changes reveal Elk-1 transcription factor as a therapeutic target in Huntington’s disease [RNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a late clinical onset despite ubiquitous expression of the mutant Huntingtin gene (HTT) from birth. Transcriptional dysregulation is a pivotal feature of HD. Yet, the genes that are altered in the prodromal period and their regulators, which present opportunities for therapeutic intervention, remain to be elucidated. Using transcriptional and chromatin profiling, we found aberrant transcription and changes in histone H3K27 acetylation in the striatum of R6/1 mice during the presymptomatic disease stages. Integrating these data, we identified the Elk-1 transcription factor as a candidate regulator of prodromal changes in HD. Exogenous expression of Elk-1 exerted beneficial effects in a primary striatal cell culture model of HD, and adeno-associated virus-mediated Elk-1 overexpression alleviated transcriptional dysregulation in R6/1 mice. Collectively, our work demonstrates that aberrant gene expression precedes overt disease onset in HD, identifies the Elk-1 transcription factor as a key regulator linked to early epigenetic and transcriptional changes in HD, and presents evidence for Elk-1 as a target for alleviating molecular pathology in HD.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE139847 | GEO | 2019/11/19

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Early epigenomic and transcriptional changes reveal Elk-1 transcription factor as a therapeutic target in Huntington’s disease [ChIP-seq]

Project description:Huntington’s disease (HD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a late clinical onset despite ubiquitous expression of the mutant Huntingtin gene (HTT) from birth. Transcriptional dysregulation is a pivotal feature of HD. Yet, the genes that are altered in the prodromal period and their regulators, which present opportunities for therapeutic intervention, remain to be elucidated. Using transcriptional and chromatin profiling, we found aberrant transcription and changes in histone H3K27 acetylation in the striatum of R6/1 mice during the presymptomatic disease stages. Integrating these data, we identified the Elk-1 transcription factor as a candidate regulator of prodromal changes in HD. Exogenous expression of Elk-1 exerted beneficial effects in a primary striatal cell culture model of HD, and adeno-associated virus-mediated Elk-1 overexpression alleviated transcriptional dysregulation in R6/1 mice. Collectively, our work demonstrates that aberrant gene expression precedes overt disease onset in HD, identifies the Elk-1 transcription factor as a key regulator linked to early epigenetic and transcriptional changes in HD, and presents evidence for Elk-1 as a target for alleviating molecular pathology in HD.

2019-11-19 | GSE140117 | GEO

The effects of selective inhibition of histone deacetylase 1 and 3 in Huntington’s disease mice

Project description:Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease characterized by a late clinical onset of psychiatric, cognitive, and motor symptoms. Transcriptional dysregulation is an early and central disease mechanism which is accompanied by epigenetic alterations in HD. Previous studies demonstrated that targeting transcriptional changes by inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs), especially the class I HDACs, provides therapeutic effects. Yet, their exact mechanisms of action and the features of HD pathology, on which these inhibitors act remain to be elucidated. Here, using transcriptional profiling, we found that selective inhibition of HDAC1 and HDAC3 by RGFP109 alleviated transcriptional dysregulation of a number of genes, including the transcription factor genes Neurod2 and Nr4a2, and gene sets and programs, especially those that are associated to insulin-like growth factor pathway, in the striatum of R6/1 mice. RGFP109 treatment led to a modest improvement of the motor skill learning and coordination deficit on the RotaRod test, while it did not alter the locomotor and anxiety-like phenotypes in R6/1 animals. We also found, by volumetric MRI, a widespread brain atrophy in the R6/1 mice at the symptomatic disease stage, on which RGFP109 showed no significant effects. Collectively, our combined work suggests that specific HDAC1 and HDAC3 inhibition may offer benefits for alleviating the motor phenotypic deficits and transcriptional dysregulation in HD.

2021-02-04 | GSE160967 | GEO

Systemic Epigenome-Wide Association Study of Elk Treponeme- Associated Hoof Disease

Project description:Treponeme-associated hoof disease (TAHD) is an emerging disease of elk (Cervus canadensis) in the U.S. Pacific West. Because environmental epigenetics is the primary molecular process that mediates environmental factor impacts on a host organism and disease, the role of epigenetics in TAHD etiology was examined. The current study was designed to examine potential effects of TAHD on systemic epigenetic modifications in infected elk over a range of TAHD lesion severity. Leg tendons that contain predominantly fibroblast connective tissue cells were used to isolate fibroblast cells for epigenetic analysis in unaffected and TAHD-positive male and female Roosevelt and Rocky Mountain elk. DNA methylation in the tendon cells in the different groups was examined. Differential DNA methylation regions (DMRs) between the unaffected and TAHD-positive were identified for both female and male elk. The presence of TAHD was associated with alteration of the connective tissue cell epigenetics and DMR associated genes identified. Therefore, the infected elk were found to have a systemic epigenetic alteration that was associated with the disease despite TAHD pathology being generally limited to feet. Other cell populations with the elk are also anticipated to be affected, and if the elk germline epigenetics is altered then generational transmission of susceptibility to TAHD may impact subsequent generations through epigenetic inheritance. This first study of epigenetic changes associated with disease in elk suggests that TAHD promotes a systemic effect on the elk epigenetics which could exert health impacts on the elk.

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Targeting H3K4 methylation as a therapeutic strategy for Huntington's disease (RNA-seq)

Project description:Transcriptional dysregulation is an early feature of Huntington's disease (HD). We observed gene-specific changes in H3K4me3 at transcriptionally repressed promoters in R6/2 mouse and human HD brain. Genome-wide analysis showed a novel chromatin signature for this mark. Reducing the levels of the H3K4 demethylase SMCX/Jarid1c in primary neurons reversed down-regulation of key neuronal genes caused by mutant Huntingtin (Htt) expression. Finally, reduction of SMCX/Jarid1c in primary neurons from BACHD mice or the single Jarid1 in a Drosophila HD model was protective. Therefore, targeting this epigenetic signature may be an effective strategy to ameliorate the consequences of HD. mRNA-seq in wild type and R6/2 cortex and striatum at 8 and 12 weeks.

2013-07-18 | E-GEOD-48962 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Targeting H3K4 methylation as a therapeutic strategy for Huntington's disease (ChIP-seq)

Project description:Transcriptional dysregulation is an early feature of Huntington's disease (HD). We observed gene-specific changes in H3K4me3 at transcriptionally repressed promoters in R6/2 mouse and human HD brain. Genome-wide analysis showed a novel chromatin signature for this mark. Reducing the levels of the H3K4 demethylase SMCX/Jarid1c in primary neurons reversed down-regulation of key neuronal genes caused by mutant Huntingtin (Htt) expression. Finally, reduction of SMCX/Jarid1c in primary neurons from BACHD mice or the single Jarid1 in a Drosophila HD model was protective. Therefore, targeting this epigenetic signature may be an effective strategy to ameliorate the consequences of HD. ChIP-seq for H3K4me3 in wild type and R6/2 cortex and striatum at 8 and 12 weeks.

2013-07-18 | E-GEOD-48960 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Ribo-depleted RNA-Seq Libraries From Huntington's Disease Brain

Project description:Transcriptional dysregulation is well documented in Huntington’s disease (HD) post-mortem brain. We previously identified gene expression profiles from both symptomatic and asymptomatic HD prefrontal cortex which characterize the effects of degeneration in disease versus normal brains. Transcriptional dysregulation in HD brain is well documented by these studies and others, but the extent and causes of this dysregulation remain unknown. Here, we present a large ribo-depleted RNA sequencing (rdRNA-Seq) dataset and novel bioinformatic methodology to further characterize transcriptional dysregulation in HD brain as it relates to disease variables, including CAG repeat size, age of symptom onset, and rate of neurodegeneration.

2020-10-28 | GSE159940 | GEO

The HDAC inhibitor 4b ameliorates the disease phenotype and transcriptional abnormalities in Huntington's disease transgenic mice

Project description:Transcriptional dysregulation has emerged as a core pathologic feature of Huntington's disease (HD), one of several triplet-repeat disorders characterized by movement deficits and cognitive dysfunction. Although the mechanisms contributing to the gene expression deficits remain unknown, therapeutic strategies have aimed to improve transcriptional output via modulation of chromatin structure. Recent studies have demonstrated therapeutic effects of commercially available histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in several HD models; however, the therapeutic value of these compounds is limited by their toxic effects. Here, beneficial effects of a novel pimelic diphenylamide HDAC inhibitor, HDACi 4b, in an HD mouse model are reported. Chronic oral administration of HDACi 4b, beginning after the onset of motor deficits, significantly improved motor performance, overall appearance, and body weight of symptomatic R6/2(300Q) transgenic mice. These effects were associated with significant attenuation of gross brain-size decline and striatal atrophy. Microarray studies revealed that HDACi 4b treatment ameliorated, in part, alterations in gene expression caused by the presence of mutant huntingtin protein in the striatum, cortex, and cerebellum of R6/2(300Q) transgenic mice. For selected genes, HDACi 4b treatment reversed histone H3 hypoacetylation observed in the presence of mutant huntingtin, in association with correction of mRNA expression levels. These findings suggest that HDACi 4b, and possibly related HDAC inhibitors, may offer clinical benefit for HD patients and provide a novel set of potential biomarkers for clinical assessment. Analysis of striatum, cortex, and cerebellum from R6/2(300Q) transgenic mice before and after treatment with the HDAC inhibitor 4b

2010-12-27 | E-GEOD-26317 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Targeting H3K4 methylation as a therapeutic strategy for Huntington's disease (RNA-seq)

2013-07-18 | GSE48962 | GEO

Targeting H3K4 methylation as a therapeutic strategy for Huntington's disease (ChIP-seq)

2013-07-18 | GSE48960 | GEO

Transcriptional correlates of pathological phenotype in a Huntington’s disease mouse model

Project description:Huntington disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder without cure, caused by an aberrant expansion of CAG repeats in the exon 1 of the Huntingtin (HTT) gene. Although the negative correlation between the number of CAG repeats and the age of disease onset is well established, additional factors may contribute to the high heterogeneity in the complex manifestation of the symptoms among patients. This variability is also observed in the phenotype of mouse models, even under controlled genetic and environmental conditions. To better understand this phenomenon, we analyzed the R6/1 strain in search of potential correlates between pathological motor/cognitive phenotypical traits and transcriptional alterations. HD-related genes (e.g., Penk, Plk5, Itpka), despite being downregulated across the examined brain areas (prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus and cerebellum), exhibited a tissue-specific correlative association with particular phenotypical traits, attributable to the contribution of the brain region to regulate the trait (e.g., striatum and rotarod performance, cerebellum and feet clasping). Focusing on the striatum, we determined that the transcriptional dysregulation associated with HD was partially exacerbated in those mice showing poor phenotypical scores, affecting genes extensively described in this disease (e.g. Pde10a, Drd1, Drd2, Ppp1r1b). However, we also observed transcripts associated with relative better outcome, such as CCAAT-binding transcription factor NF-Y and others related with neuronal development, apoptosis and differentiation. In this study we demonstrate that altered brain transcription is capable of tracking the variations in the manifestation of HD-like symptoms in mouse models that may be extrapolated to the highly heterogeneous population of HD patients.

2019-12-29 | GSE135057 | GEO

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